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Table 4

Modelsa which match the observed range of properties of z ≥ 5 QSOs.

Epoch Mini ψini SN efficiency Mcl IMF z ≳ 6 QSOs from our sampleb
 M⊙ 103 M⊙ yr-1 M⊙
30 Myr 5 ×  1010 3 max 100 top-heavy, Larson 1, 2, mass-heavy
3 max 0 top-heavy, Larson 1, 2
3 max 0 mass-heavy
1 max 0,100 top-heavy, Larson 2
1  ×  1011 3 max 100 Larson 2, mass-heavy
3 max 0 mass-heavy
3 max 100–0 top-heavy J1148+5251(A)
3 high 0 Larson 2
70 Myr 1  ×  1011 1 max 100–0 top-heavy J2054-0005
100 Myr 5  ×  1010 3 max 100 Larson 2
3 max 0 top-heavy, Larson 2
1 max 100 Larson 2
1  ×  1011 3 max 100 Larson 2
3 high 0 Larson 2
3 max 100–0 top-heavy J1148+5251(B), J1048+4637(A)
1 max 100 Larson 2
1 max 100–0 top-heavy J1048+4637(B)
3  ×  1011 3 max 800 Larson 1, mass-heavy
3 max 800 top-heavy, Larson 2
3 max 100 Larson 1, mass-heavy
3 high 0 mass-heavy
3 high 0 top-heavy, Larson 2
1 max 800 Larson 2
1 high 0 Larson 2
5  ×  1011 3 max 800 mass-heavy
3 max 800 top-heavy, Larson 2
3 high 100 top-heavy, mass-heavy
3 high 100 Larson 2
3 high 0 mass-heavy
3 high 0 top-heavy, Larson 2
170 Myr 3  ×  1011 1 high 100–0 top-heavy J0840+5624(A)
400 Myr 5  ×  1011 1 high 100–0 top-heavy J0840+5624(B)

Notes. 

(a)

All models which match the observed range of all properties of z ≥ 6 QSOs are marked in bold face.

(b)

Capital letters in brackets signify that different models (A, B) are applicable for the same object

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