Table 2
Characteristics of RSGs for which a mass-loss rate has been measured by observing the circumstellar gas.
| Name | D | E B−V | V | F 60 | λ m | L phot | Ṁ 60 μm | Ṁ gas | Method | References | ||
| [kpc] | [mag] | [km s-1] | Jy | [μm] | [L⊙] | [10-6 M⊙ yr-1] | ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) |
|
|
||||||||||||
| α Ori | 0.130 | 0.18 | 15 | 299 | 1.64 | 56 000 | 0.15 | 1.5 | H i C i K i | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| α Sco | 0.185 | 0.10 | 17 | 115 | 1.73 | 71 000 | 0.12 | 1.0 | H ii reg. | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| S Per | 1.90 | 0.66 | 20 | 41 | 3.67 | 86 000 | 6.8 | 7.5 | CO | 6 | 6 | 7 |
| PZ Cas | 2.40 | 0.69 | 30 | 96 | 3.57 | 193 000 | 26 | 8.3 | CO | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| VY CMa | 1.14 | 0.47 | 47 | 1453 | 7.77 | 295 000 | 160 | 40 | CO | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| NML Cyg | 1.74 | 1.20 | 34 | 1030 | 9.80 | 320 000 | 210 | 140 | CO | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| VX Sgr | 1.57 | 0.52 | 25 | 263 | 4.14 | 340 000 | 20 | 11 | CO | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| μ Cep | 0.87 | 0.69 | 20 | 127 | 1.69 | 410 000 | 1.4 | 5.0 | K i Na i | 6 | 6 | 18 |
Notes. Column (11) = reference for distance; Col. (12) = reference for E B−V; Col. (13) = reference for mass-loss rate Ṁgas. The IRAS data of NML Cyg were taken from Schuster et al. (2009).
References. (1) Hipparcos parallax; (2) Lambert et al. (1984); (3) Huggins et al. (1994); (4) assumed; (5) Reimers et al. (2008); (6) LM05; (7) Woodhams (1993); (8) JB00; (9) Choi et al. (2008); (10) assuming E B−V = 0.47 per kpc; (11) Decin et al. (2006) and see text; (12) Massey & Thomson (1991); (13) Blöcker et al. (2001); (14) Knapp et al. (1982); (15) Chen et al. (2007); (16) Humphreys (1978); (17) Knapp et al. (1989); (18) Guilain & Mauron (1996).
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