Euclid

III. The NISP Instrument^★

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
² Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
³ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
⁴ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
⁵ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
⁶ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
⁸ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁹ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁰ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
¹¹ Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
¹² INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹³ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
¹⁴ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Elec-trónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
¹⁵ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
¹⁷ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
¹⁸ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
¹⁹ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
²⁰ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
²¹ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
²² CEA-Saclay, DRF/IRFU, departement d’ingenierie des systemes, bat472, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
²³ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²⁴ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
²⁵ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
²⁶ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
²⁷ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²⁸ ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
²⁹ NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
³⁰ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
³¹ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
³² Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
³³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
³⁴ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
³⁵ Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
³⁶ Laboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
³⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
³⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³⁹ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
⁴⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁴¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
⁴² Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁴³ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
⁴⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna 38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofísica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, 38200, Spain
⁴⁵ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
⁴⁶ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
⁴⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
⁴⁸ Clara Venture Labs AS, Fantoftvegen 38, 5072 Bergen, Norway
⁴⁹ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
⁵⁰ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
⁵¹ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
⁵² Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵³ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵⁴ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁵ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁶ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
⁵⁷ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy
⁵⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁵⁹ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
⁶⁰ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
⁶¹ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
⁶² Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
⁶³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁶⁴ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁶⁵ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁶⁶ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁶⁷ Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁶⁸ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
⁶⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁷⁰ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁷¹ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁷² Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁷³ UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁷⁴ Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁷⁵ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁷⁶ Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
⁷⁷ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁷⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁷⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁸⁰ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
⁸¹ School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
⁸² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁸³ FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
⁸⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁸⁵ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
⁸⁶ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
⁸⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
⁸⁸ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁸⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
⁹⁰ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁹¹ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁹² Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁹³ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁹⁴ Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
⁹⁵ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁹⁶ University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
⁹⁷ Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁹⁸ Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK
⁹⁹ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK
¹⁰⁰ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France
¹⁰¹ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
¹⁰² California institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹⁰³ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
¹⁰⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
¹⁰⁵ Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹⁰⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹⁰⁷ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
¹⁰⁸ Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
¹⁰⁹ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹¹⁰ Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
¹¹¹ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
¹¹² Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
¹¹³ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
¹¹⁴ Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
¹¹⁵ Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
¹¹⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹⁷ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹¹⁸ Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), Loc. Lignan 39, 11020 Nus (Aosta Valley), Italy
¹¹⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
¹²⁰ Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
¹²¹ Junia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France
¹²² ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
¹²³ Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
¹²⁴ CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
¹²⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
¹²⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
¹²⁷ Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
¹²⁸ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
¹²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
¹³⁰ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
¹³¹ Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
¹³² Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
¹³³ Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
¹³⁴ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
¹³⁵ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
¹³⁶ Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
¹³⁷ Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
¹³⁸ CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹³⁹ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
¹⁴⁰ Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo 00 076, Finland
¹⁴¹ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹⁴² DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
¹⁴³ Université PSL, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁴⁴ Université Paris-Cité, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 Paris, France
¹⁴⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
¹⁴⁶ Serco for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
¹⁴⁷ ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, Australia
¹⁴⁸ Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
¹⁴⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
¹⁵⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
¹⁵¹ Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Physique Théorique CP225, Boulevard du Triophe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
¹⁵² ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
¹⁵³ Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
¹⁵⁴ Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
¹⁵⁵ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
¹⁵⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹⁵⁷ Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹⁵⁸ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
¹⁵⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
¹⁶⁰ INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
¹⁶¹ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
¹⁶² Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
¹⁶³ Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
¹⁶⁴ Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthur-erstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹⁶⁵ Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
¹⁶⁶ Theoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
¹⁶⁷ School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
¹⁶⁸ ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
¹⁶⁹ Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁷⁰ Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UK
¹⁷¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
¹⁷² Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
¹⁷³ Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁷⁴ Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
¹⁷⁵ Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
¹⁷⁶ Departamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
¹⁷⁷ Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
¹⁷⁸ Thales Services S.A.S., 290 Allée du Lac, 31670 Labège, France
¹⁷⁹ Observatorio Nacional, Rua General Jose Cristino, 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao, Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil
¹⁸⁰ Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Gent, Belgium
¹⁸¹ Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
¹⁸² Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
¹⁸³ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

^★★ Corresponding author; jahnke@mpia.de

Received: 18 April 2024
Accepted: 15 July 2024

Abstract

The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R ≳ 450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950–2020 nm wavelength range. In this reference article, we illuminate the background of NISP’s functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument’s integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated as well as its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and the technical background are included. The NISP’s 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0″.3 pixel⁻¹ deliver a field of view of 0.57 deg². In photometric mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5 AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100 s in exposure time for point sources and with a S/N of five. For spectroscopy, NISP’s pointsource sensitivity is a signal-to-noise ratio = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2 × 10⁻¹⁶ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4 Å in 3 × 560 s grism exposures at 1.6 µm (redshifted Hα). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of the pixel-based detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy better than 1.5% and a relative spectrophotometry better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be accurate to 5 Å or better. The NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the near-infrared for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST – and it represents an enormous advance from any existing instrumentation due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid’s six-year survey covering 14 000 deg² of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone in determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its near-infrared data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.