Issue |
A&A
Volume 697, May 2025
Euclid on Sky
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A13 | |
Number of page(s) | 27 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450772 | |
Published online | 30 April 2025 |
Euclid: Early Release Observations – The intracluster light and intracluster globular clusters of the Perseus cluster★
1
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics,
Giessenbachstr. 1,
85748
Garching, Germany
2
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park,
Nottingham
NG7 2RD, UK
3
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias,
Calle Vía Láctea s/n,
38204
San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain
4
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna,
38206
La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain
5
Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Bryant Space Science Center,
Gainesville,
FL
32611, USA
6
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM,
91191
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
7
INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna,
Via Piero Gobetti 93/3,
40129
Bologna, Italy
8
Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg – CNRS, UMR 7550,
Strasbourg,
France
9
European Space Agency/ESTEC,
Keplerlaan 1,
2201
AZ Noord-wijk, The Netherlands
10
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen,
PO Box 800,
9700
AV Groningen, The Netherlands
11
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie,
Königstuhl 17,
69117
Heidelberg, Germany
12
Department of Physics, Université de Montréal,
2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd,
Montréal, Québec
H3T 1J4, Canada
13
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM,
Marseille,
France
14
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari,
Via della Scienza 5,
09047
Selargius (CA), Italy
15
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via Maggini,
64100,
Teramo,
Italy
16
Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL,
59000
Lille,
France
17
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale,
91405
Orsay,
France
18
Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik (AIP),
An der Sternwarte 16,
14482
Potsdam, Germany
19
Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik,
Technikerstr. 25/8,
6020
Innsbruck, Austria
20
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg,
UMR 7550,
67000
Strasbourg, France
21
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge,
Madingley Road,
Cambridge
CB3 0HA, UK
22
Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,
Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
23
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,
Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
24
Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny,
1290
Versoix,
Switzerland
25
Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid,
47011
Valladolid,
Spain
26
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda,
1349-018
Lisboa, Portugal
27
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma,
Via Frascati 33,
00078
Monteporzio Catone, Italy
28
Observatorio Nacional, Rua General Jose Cristino,
77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao,
Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil
29
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris,
98bis Boulevard Arago,
75014
Paris,
France
30
OCA, P.H.C Boulevard de l’Observatoire CS 34229,
06304
Nice Cedex 4, France
31
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía,
18080
Granada,
Spain
32
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229,
06304
Nice cedex 4, France
33
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo,
28692
Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid,
Spain
34
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera,
Via Brera 28,
20122
Milano, Italy
35
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna,
Via Gobetti 93/2,
40129
Bologna, Italy
36
INFN-Sezione di Bologna,
Viale Berti Pichat 6/2,
40127
Bologna, Italy
37
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova,
Via dell’Osservatorio 5,
35122
Padova, Italy
38
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,
Scheinerstrasse 1,
81679
München, Germany
39
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino,
Via Osservatorio 20,
10025
Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
40
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova,
Via Dodecaneso 33,
16146
Genova, Italy
41
INFN-Sezione di Genova,
Via Dodecaneso 33,
16146
Genova, Italy
42
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II,
Via Cinthia 6,
80126, Napoli,
Italy
43
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte,
Via Moiariello 16,
80131
Napoli, Italy
44
INFN section of Naples,
Via Cinthia 6,
80126
Napoli, Italy
45
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas,
4150-762
Porto, Portugal
46
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre,
4150-007
Porto, Portugal
47
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino,
Via P. Giuria 1,
10125
Torino, Italy
48
INFN-Sezione di Torino,
Via P. Giuria 1,
10125
Torino, Italy
49
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary,
Dorking, Surrey
RH5 6NT, UK
50
INAF-IASF Milano,
Via Alfonso Corti 12,
20133
Milano, Italy
51
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT),
Avenida Complutense 40,
28040
Madrid, Spain
52
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB,
C. Albareda s/n,
08193
Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
53
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University,
52056
Aachen,
Germany
54
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna,
Viale Berti Pichat 6/2,
40127
Bologna, Italy
55
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory,
Blackford Hill,
Edinburgh
EH9 3HJ, UK
56
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester,
Oxford Road,
Manchester
M13 9PL, UK
57
European Space Agency/ESRIN,
Largo Galileo Galilei 1,
00044 Frascati, Roma,
Italy
58
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822,
F-69100
Villeurbanne, France
59
UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi,
69622
Villeurbanne,
France
60
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande,
1749-016
Lisboa, Portugal
61
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande,
1749-016
Lisboa, Portugal
62
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva,
ch. d’Ecogia 16,
1290
Versoix, Switzerland
63
Department of Physics, Oxford University,
Keble Road,
Oxford
OX1 3RH, UK
64
INFN-Padova,
Via Marzolo 8,
35131
Padova, Italy
65
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali,
via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100,
00100
Roma, Italy
66
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC,
08860
Castelldefels, Barcelona,
Spain
67
Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB,
Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés,
08193
Barcelona,
Spain
68
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste,
Via G. B. Tiepolo 11,
34143
Trieste, Italy
69
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM,
Marseille,
France
70
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna,
Via Irnerio 46,
40126
Bologna, Italy
71
FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A,
28231,
Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
72
Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano,
Via Celoria 16,
20133
Milano, Italy
73
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo,
P.O. Box 1029
Blindern, 0315 Oslo,
Norway
74
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University,
Einsteinweg 55,
2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
75
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
4800 Oak Grove Drive,
Pasadena,
CA
91109, USA
76
Department of Physics, Lancaster University,
Lancaster,
LA1 4YB,
UK
77
Felix Hormuth Engineering,
Goethestr. 17,
69181
Leimen, Germany
78
Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327,
2800
Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
79
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN),
Denmark
80
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université,
98 bis boulevard Arago,
75014
Paris,
France
81
Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics,
Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2,
00014
University of Helsinki, Finland
82
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics,
24 quai Ernest-Ansermet,
CH-1211
Genève 4, Switzerland
83
Department of Physics,
PO Box 64,
00014
University of Helsinki, Finland
84
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki,
Finland
85
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London,
Gower Street,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
86
NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON,
Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4,
7991PD, Dwingeloo,
The Netherlands
87
Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie,
Auf dem Hügel 71,
53121
Bonn, Germany
88
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna,
via Piero Gobetti 93/2,
40129
Bologna, Italy
89
Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University,
South Road,
DH1 3LE,
UK
90
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie,
75013
Paris,
France
91
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering,
5210
Windisch,
Switzerland
92
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe,
via Beirut 2,
34151
Trieste, Italy
93
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford,
Surrey
GU2 7XH, UK
94
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University,
Herschel Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
NE1 7RU,
UK
95
Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University,
South Road
DH1 3LE,
UK
96
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology,
Campus UAB,
08193
Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
97
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus,
Ny Munkegade 120,
8000
Aarhus C, Denmark
98
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo,
Ontario
N2L 2Y5, Canada
99
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politec-nico snc,
00133
Roma,
Italy
100
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse,
18 avenue Edouard Belin,
31401
Toulouse Cedex 9, France
101
Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele,
Ilfov
077125, Romania
102
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova,
Via Marzolo 8,
35131
Padova, Italy
103
Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile,
Blanco Encalada 2008,
Santiago,
Chile
104
INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi,
00185
Roma,
Italy
105
Satlantis, University Science Park,
Sede Bld 48940,
Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
106
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC),
Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n,
08193
Barcelona,
Spain
107
Centre for Electronic Imaging, Open University,
Walton Hall,
Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
108
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena,
CA
91125, USA
109
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Elec-trónica y Tecnología de Computadoras,
Plaza del Hospital 1,
30202
Cartagena, Spain
110
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES,
14 Av. Edouard Belin,
31400
Toulouse,
France
111
INFN-Bologna,
Via Irnerio 46,
40126
Bologna, Italy
112
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova,
via Dodecaneso 33,
16146
Genova, Italy
113
Centre for Information Technology, University of Groningen,
PO Box 11044,
9700
CA Groningen, The Netherlands
114
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia,
Via Piero Gobetti 101,
40129
Bologna, Italy
115
Junia, EPA department,
41 Bd Vauban,
59800
Lille,
France
116
Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo,
s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo,
Villanueva de la Cañada,
28692 Madrid,
Spain
117
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver,
BC
V6T 1Z1, Canada
★★ Corresponding author; nina.hatch@nottingham.ac.uk
Received:
17
May
2024
Accepted:
11
November
2024
We study the intracluster light (ICL) and intracluster globular clusters (ICGCs) in the nearby Perseus cluster of galaxies using Euclid’s Early Release Observations. By modelling the isophotal and iso-density contours, we mapped the distributions and properties of the ICL and ICGCs out to radii of 200-600 kpc (up to ~ 1/3 of the virial radius, depending on the parameter) from the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). We find that the central 500 kpc of the Perseus cluster hosts 70 000 ± 2800 globular clusters, and 1.7 × 1012 L⊙ of diffuse light from the BCG+ICL in the near-infrared HE. This accounts for 38 ± 6% of the cluster’s total stellar luminosity within this radius. The ICL and ICGCs share a coherent spatial distribution which suggests that they have a common origin or that a common potential governs their distribution. Their contours on the largest scales (>200 kpc) are not centred on the BCG’s core, but are instead offset westwards by 60 kpc towards several luminous cluster galaxies. This offset is opposite to the displacement observed in the gaseous intracluster medium. The radial surface brightness profile of the BCG+ICL is best described by a double Sérsic model, with 68 ± 4% of the HE light contained in the extended, outer component. The transition between these components occurs at ≈60 kpc, beyond which the isophotes become increasingly elliptical and off-centred. Furthermore, the radial ICGC number density profile closely follows the profile of the BCG+ICL only beyond this 60 kpc radius, where we find an average of 60-80 globular clusters per 109 M⊙ of diffuse stellar mass. The BCG+ICL colour becomes increasingly blue with radius, consistent with the stellar populations in the ICL having subsolar metallicities [Fe/H] ~ –0.6 to –1.0. The colour of the ICL, and the specific frequency and luminosity function of the ICGCs suggest that the ICL+ICGCs were tidally stripped from the outskirts of massive satellites with masses of a few ×1010 M⊙, with an increasing contribution from dwarf galaxies at large radii.
Key words: globular clusters: general / galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium / galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 426 / galaxies: individual: NGC 1275
Publisher note: The license sentence has been updated on 9 May 2025.
© The Authors 2025
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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