Issue |
A&A
Volume 695, March 2025
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A175 | |
Number of page(s) | 13 | |
Section | Galactic structure, stellar clusters and populations | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450621 | |
Published online | 19 March 2025 |
Contribution of young massive stellar clusters to the Galactic diffuse γ-ray emission
1
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri,
Largo Enrico Fermi 5,
Firenze,
Italy
2
Università degli Studi di Siena,
Via Roma 56,
Siena,
Italy
★ Corresponding author; stefano.menchiari@inaf.it
Received:
6
May
2024
Accepted:
20
January
2025
Context. Young massive stellar clusters (YMSCs) have emerged as potential γ-ray sources after the recent association of a dozen YMSCs with extended γ-ray emission. The large size of the detected halos, comparable to that of the wind-blown bubble expected around YMSCs, makes the γ-ray detection of individual YMSCs rather challenging. As a result, the emission from most of the Galactic YMSCs could be unresolved, thus contributing to the diffuse γ-ray radiation observed along the Galactic Plane.
Aims. In this study, we estimate the possible contribution to the Galactic diffuse γ-ray emission from a synthetic population of YMSCs, and we compare it with observations obtained with different experiments, from 1 GeV to hundreds of teraelectronvolt, in three regions of the Galactic Plane.
Methods. As the population of galactic YMSCs is only known locally, we evaluated the contribution of γ-ray emission relying on the simulation of synthetic populations of YMSCs based on the observed properties of local clusters. We computed the γ-ray emission from each cluster assuming that the radiation is purely hadronic in nature and produced by cosmic rays that are accelerated at the cluster’s collective wind termination shock.
Results. We find that the γ-ray emission from unresolved YMSCs can significantly contribute to the observed Galactic diffuse flux, especially in the inner part of the Galaxy, and that an important role is played by kinetic power injected by the Wolf-Rayet stellar winds. The predicted γ-ray flux should be considered as a lower limit, given that our calculation does not include the contribution of supernovae exploding in YMSCs.
Key words: astroparticle physics / open clusters and associations: general / gamma rays: diffuse background
© The Authors 2025
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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