Forecasts of effects of beam systematics and deprojection on the third-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment

¹ Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
² School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁴ INFN – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁵ Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
⁶ Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China

^⋆ Corresponding authors; doujzh@mail.ustc.edu.cn; wzhao7@ustc.edu.cn; bhu@bnu.edu.cn

Received: 12 October 2024
Accepted: 29 December 2024

Abstract

The ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments are susceptible to various instrumental errors, especially for B-mode measurements. The difference between the response of two polarized detectors, referred to as the beam mismatch, would induce a T → P leakage when the detector pair is differenced to cancel the unpolarized signal. We applied the deprojection technique on the time-ordered mock data to mitigate the systematic contamination caused by beam mismatches by assuming the third-generation ground-based CMB experiment (S3). Our results show that the deprojection effectively recovered the input power spectra. We adopted the Needlet ILC (NILC) and constrained ILC (cILC) methods to reconstruct the foreground-cleaned TEB maps, and we evaluated the level of residual systematic errors after the foreground cleaning pipeline by comparing the power spectra between the systematics-added data after deprojection and the systematics-free data. The results show that the residual beam systematics cleaned by deprojection do not bias the CMB measurements of the T, E, and B modes nor the CMB lensing reconstruction or the estimation of the tensor-to-scalar ratio under the S3 sensitivity.