Issue |
A&A
Volume 693, January 2025
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A164 | |
Number of page(s) | 18 | |
Section | Planets, planetary systems, and small bodies | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451646 | |
Published online | 14 January 2025 |
GI 725A b: A potential super-Earth detected with SOPHIE and SPIRou in an M dwarf binary system at 3.5 pc
1
Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews,
North Haugh,
St Andrews
KY16 9SS,
UK
2
Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM,
Marseille,
France
3
Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP,
14 av. Belin,
31400
Toulouse,
France
4
Department of Physics, University of Warwick,
Gibbet Hill Road,
Coventry
CV4 7AL,
UK
5
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG,
38000
Grenoble,
France
6
Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes and Département de Physique, Université de Montréal,
1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux,
Montréal,
QC
H2V 0B3,
Canada
7
Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie,
Königstuhl 17,
69117
Heidelberg,
Germany
8
Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción,
Alonso de Rivera 2850,
Concepción,
Chile
9
Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, LERMA, Sorbonne Université,
61 avenue de l’Observatoire,
75014
Paris,
France
10
International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS) and ICIFI (CONICET), ECyT-UNSAM,
Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia,
(1650)
Buenos Aires,
Argentina
11
Instituto de Astrof ísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas,
4150-762
Porto,
Portugal
12
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory,
298409
Nauchny,
Crimea
13
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Sorbonne Université,
98 bis bd Arago,
75014
Paris,
France
14
Observatoire de Haute-Provence, CNRS, Université d’Aix-Marseille,
04870
Saint-Michel-l’Observatoire,
France
15
Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica,
Rua Estados Unidos 154,
37504-364
Itajubá,
MG,
Brazil
16
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS,
Paris,
France
17
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange,
France
★ Corresponding author; pcz1@st-andrews.ac.uk
Received:
24
July
2024
Accepted:
14
November
2024
We report the discovery of a super-Earth candidate orbiting the nearby mid-M dwarf Gl 725A using the radial velocity (RV) method. The planetary signal has been independently identified using high-precision RVs from the SOPHIE and SPIRou spectrographs, in the optical and near-infrared (NIR) domains, respectively. We modelled the stellar activity signal jointly with the planet using two Gaussian processes, one for each instrument to account for the chromaticity of the stellar activity and instrumental systematics, along with a Keplerian model. The signal was significantly detected with a RV semi-amplitude of 1.67 ± 0.20 m/s. The planet Gl725A b is found to be in an orbit compatible with circular with a period of 11.2201 ± 0.0051 days. We analysed 27 sectors of TESS photometry, for which no transit event was found. We determined a minimum mass of Mp sin i = 2.78 ± 0.35 M⊕, which places the planet in the super-Earth regime. Using mass-radius relationships, we predict the planetary radius to be between 1.2 and 2.0 R⊕. The proximity of Gl 725A (at only 3.5 pc) makes this new exoplanet one of the closest to Earth and joins the group of S-type low-mass planets in short orbits (P < 15 days) around close M dwarfs.
Key words: techniques: radial velocities / planets and satellites: detection / stars: low-mass / stars: individual: Gl 725A
© The Authors 2025
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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