Issue |
A&A
Volume 691, November 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | L7 | |
Number of page(s) | 6 | |
Section | Letters to the Editor | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451013 | |
Published online | 05 November 2024 |
Letter to the Editor
Proton ingestion in asymptotic giant branch stars as a possible explanation for J-type stars and AB2 grains
Institut d’Astronomie et d’Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 226, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
⋆ Corresponding author; arthur.choplin@ulb.be
Received:
6
June
2024
Accepted:
8
October
2024
Context. J-type stars are a subclass of carbon stars that are generally Li-rich, not enriched in s-elements, and have low 12C/13C ratios. They were suggested to be the manufacturers of the pre-solar grains of type AB2 (having low 12C/13C and supersolar 14N/15N).
Aims. In this Letter, we investigate the possibility that J-type stars are early asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that experienced a proton ingestion event (PIE).
Methods. We used the stellar evolution code STAREVOL to compute AGB stellar models with initial masses of 1, 2, and 3M⊙ and metallicities [Fe/H] = − 0.5 and 0.0. We included overshooting above the thermal pulse and used a network of 1160 nuclei coupled to the transport equations. The outputs of these models were compared to observations of J-type stars and AB2 grains.
Results. In solar-metallicity AGB stars, PIEs can be triggered if a sufficiently high overshoot is considered. These events lead to low 12C/13C ratios, high Li abundances, and no enrichment in s-elements. We find that the 2 − 3 M⊙ AGB models experiencing a PIE can account for most of the observational features of J-type stars and AB2 grains. The remaining tensions between models and observations are (1) the low 14N/15N ratio of some AB2 grains and of 2 out of 13 J-type stars, (2) the high 26Al/27Al of some AB2 grains, and (3) the J-type stars with A(Li) < 2. Extra mixing mechanisms can alleviate some of these tensions, such as thermohaline or rotation.
Conclusions. This work highlights a possible match between AGB stellar models that undergo a PIE and J-type stars and AB2 grains. To account for other types of carbon stars, such as N-type stars, PIEs should only develop in a fraction of solar-metallicity AGB stars. Additional work is needed to assess how the occurrence of PIEs depends on mixing parameters and initial conditions, and therefore to further confirm or exclude the proposed scenario.
Key words: nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances / stars: AGB and post-AGB / stars: carbon / stars: chemically peculiar
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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