Issue |
A&A
Volume 691, November 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A127 | |
Number of page(s) | 8 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348285 | |
Published online | 05 November 2024 |
High stability of charged particle clusters in protoplanetary disks
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen,
Lotharstr. 1,
47057
Duisburg,
Germany
★ Corresponding author; jonas.schwaak@uni-due.de
Received:
13
October
2023
Accepted:
12
July
2024
Context. The initial particle growth in protoplanetary disks is limited by a bouncing barrier at submillimeter wavelengths. Bouncing leads to tribocharging and the electrostatic attraction of tribocharged aggregates may eventually draw them into large clusters. A charge- mediated growth phase allows for the formation of larger entities, namely, clusters of aggregates that are more prone to further particle concentrations, such as the streaming instability.
Aims. We aim to quantify the strength of the electrostatic forces.
Methods. In laboratory experiments, we used an acoustic trap to levitate small aggregates of tribocharged submm grains. These aggregates spin up within the trap until they lose grains. Thus, we used the centrifugal force as a measure of the local force.
Results. Grains are regularly bound strongly to their neighbors. In comparison, the force at ejection can be stronger than the attractive scattering forces of the trap and can therefore be several orders of magnitude larger than expected. We note that these forces are long- ranging, compared to van der Waals forces. Thus, charged aggregates are much more stable than uncharged ones.
Conclusions. Particle aggregates in disks might grow to centimeter clusters or larger as tribocharging increases the effective binding forces. This allows for hydrodynamic concentration and planetesimal formation to eventually take place throughout a wide part of the disk.
Key words: planets and satellites: physical evolution / protoplanetary disks
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This article is published in open access under the Subscribe to Open model. Subscribe to A&A to support open access publication.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.