Baryonification extended to thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich

¹ Institut für Astrophysik (DAP), Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
² Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
³ IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain

^★ Corresponding author; giovanni.arico@uzh.ch

Received: 10 June 2024
Accepted: 2 September 2024

Abstract

Baryonification algorithms model the impact of galaxy formation and feedback on the matter field in gravity-only simulations by adopting physically motivated parametric prescriptions. In this paper, we extend these models to describe gas temperature and pressure, allowing for a self-consistent modelling of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, weak gravitational lensing, and their cross-correlation, down to small scales. We validate our approach by showing that it can simultaneously reproduce the electron pressure, gas, stellar, and dark matter power spectra as measured in all BAHAMAS hydrodynamical simulations. Specifically, with only two additional free parameters, we can fit the electron pressure auto- and cross-power spectra at 10% while reproducing the suppression in the matter power spectrum induced by baryons at the per cent level, for different active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback strengths in BAHAMAS. Furthermore, we reproduce BAHAMAS convergence and thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich angular power spectra within 1% and 10% accuracy, respectively, down to ℓ = 5000. When used jointly with cosmological rescaling algorithms, the baryonification presented here allows for a fast and accurate exploration of cosmological and astrophysical scenarios. Therefore, it can be employed to create mock catalogues, lightcones, and large training sets for emulators aimed at interpreting forthcoming multi-wavelength observations of the large-scale structure of the Universe.