Issue |
A&A
Volume 690, October 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A312 | |
Number of page(s) | 17 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450334 | |
Published online | 17 October 2024 |
TOI-3568 b: A super-Neptune in the sub-Jovian desert
1
Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica,
Rua Estados Unidos 154,
37504-364
Itajubá,
MG,
Brazil,
2
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, Sorbonne Université,
98 bis bd Arago,
75014
Paris,
France
3
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba,
Laprida 854,
X5000BGR,
Córdoba,
Argentina
4
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CON-ICET),
Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA,
CPC 1425FQB,
Argentina
5
Observatoire de Haute Provence,
St Michel l’Observatoire,
France
6
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Observatório do Valongo,
Ladeira do Pedro Antônio, 43,
Rio de Janeiro,
RJ 20080-090,
Brazil
7
Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria,
Ciudad de México,
04510,
Mexico
8
International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS) and ICIFI (CON-ICET), ECyT-UNSAM,
Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia,
1650
Buenos Aires,
Argentina
9
NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field,
CA
94035,
USA
10
Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Universities Space Research Association,
Washington,
DC
20024,
USA
11
Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, CNRS,
Kamuela,
HI
96743,
USA
12
Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, IREX,
Montréal,
QC
H3C 3J7,
Canada
13
Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago,
Chicago,
IL,
USA
14
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian,
60 Garden Street,
Cambridge,
MA
02138,
USA
15
Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM,
38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie,
13388
Marseille,
France
16
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG,
414 rue de la Piscine,
38400
St-Martin-d’Hères,
France
17
Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP,
14 avenue Belin,
31400
Toulouse,
France
18
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech IPAC,
1200 E. California Blvd.,
Pasadena,
CA
91125,
USA
19
LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité,
5 place Jules Janssen,
92195
Meudon,
France
20
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139,
USA
21
Department of Astronomy, Wellesley College,
Wellesley,
MA
02481,
USA
22
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas (IAG), Departamento de Astronomia,
Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária,
05508-900,
SP,
Brazil
23
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
8800 Greenbelt Road,
Greenbelt,
MD
20771,
USA
24
Royal Astronomical Society,
Burlington House, Piccadilly,
London
W1J 0BQ,
UK
25
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam,
Science Park 904,
1098 XH
Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
26
Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg,
Königstuhl 12,
69117
Heidelberg,
Germany
27
SETI Institute,
Mountain View,
CA
94043,
USA
★ Corresponding author; martioli@iap.fr
Received:
12
April
2024
Accepted:
4
September
2024
The sub-Jovian desert is a region in the mass-period and radius-period parameter space that typically encompasses short-period ranges between super-Earths and hot Jupiters, and exhibits an intrinsic dearth of planets. This scarcity is likely shaped by photoevaporation caused by the stellar irradiation received by giant planets that have migrated inward. We report the detection and characterization of TOI-3568 b, a transiting super-Neptune with a mass of 26.4 ± 1.0 M⊕, a radius of 5.30 ± 0.27 R⊕, a bulk density of 0.98 ± 0.15 g cm−3, and an orbital period of 4.417965 (5) d situated in the vicinity of the sub-Jovian desert. This planet orbiting a K dwarf star with solar metallicity was identified photometrically by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). It was characterized as a planet by our high-precision radial-velocity (RV) monitoring program using MAROON-X at Gemini North, supplemented with additional observations from the SPICE large program with SPIRou at CFHT. We performed a Bayesian MCMC joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry, and MAROON-X and SPIRou RVs, to measure the orbit, radius, and mass of the planet, as well as a detailed analysis of the high-resolution flux and polarimetric spectra to determine the physical parameters and elemental abundances of the host star. Our results reveal TOI-3568 b to be a hot super-Neptune rich in hydrogen and helium, with a core of heavier elements of between 10 and 25 M⊕ in mass. We analyzed the photoevaporation status of TOI-3568 b and find that it experiences one of the highest extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) luminosities among planets with a mass of Mp < 2 MNep, yet it has an evaporation lifetime exceeding 5 Gyr. Positioned in the transition between two significant populations of exoplanets on the mass-period and energy diagrams, this planet presents an opportunity to test theories concerning the origin of the sub-Jovian desert.
Key words: techniques: photometric / techniques: radial velocities / planetary systems / stars: individual: TOI-3568
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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