TIC 441725813: A new bright hybrid hot B subdwarf pulsator with differential core versus envelope rotation

¹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
² Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
³ Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China
⁴ School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
⁵ Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
⁶ Institute of Astronomy (IvS), Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium

Received: 18 March 2024
Accepted: 18 July 2024

Abstract

Context. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) performs high-precision photometry over almost the whole sky primarily in search of exoplanet transits. It also provides exquisite data to study stellar variability, in particular for pulsating hot B subdwarf (sdB) stars.

Aims. We present a detailed analysis of a new hybrid (p- and g-mode) sdB pulsator, TIC 441725813 (TYC 4427-1021-1), discovered and monitored by TESS for 670 days.

Methods. The TESS light curves available for this star were analysed using prewhitening techniques to extract mode frequencies accurately. The pulsation spectrum was then interpreted through methods that include asymptotic period spacing relationships and the identification of rotational multiplets. We also exploited a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), low-resolution spectrum of TIC 441725813 using grids of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmospheres to derive its atmospheric parameters.

Results. The light curve analysis reveals that frequencies are mostly found in the g-mode region, but several p-modes are also detected, indicating that TIC 441725813 is a hybrid sdB pulsator. We identify 25 frequencies that can be associated with ℓ = 1 g-modes, 15 frequencies corresponding to ℓ = 2 g-modes, and six frequencies characteristic of p-modes. Interestingly, several frequency multiplets interpreted as rotational splittings of deep-probing g-modes indicate a slow rotation period of at least 85.3 ± 3.6 day, while splittings of mostly envelope-probing p-modes suggest a significantly shorter rotation period of 17.9 ± 0.7 day, which implies the core (mainly the helium mantle with possibly the deeper partially mixed helium-burning core that it surrounds) rotates at least 4.7 times slower than the envelope. The radial velocity curves indicate that TIC 441725813 is in a close binary system with a low-luminosity companion, possibly a white dwarf. While elusive in the available TESS photometry, a low-frequency signal that would correspond to a period of ∼6.7 h is found, albeit at a low S/N. Furthermore, we estimate the inclination angle to be ∼60° by two independent means.

Conclusions. TIC 441725813 is a particularly interesting sdB star whose envelope rotates faster than the core. We hypothesise that this might be caused by the effects of a tidal interaction with a companion, although in the present case, the presence of such a companion will have to be further investigated. This analysis paves the way towards a more detailed seismic probing of TIC 441725813 using optimisation techniques, which will be presented in a second paper.