AGN feedback in the Local Universe: Multiphase outflow of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5506

¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
e-mail: federico.esposito7@unibo.it
² Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), Via P. Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
³ Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁴ Observatorio de Madrid, OAN-IGN, Alfonso XII, 3, 28014 Madrid, Spain
⁵ INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁶ Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, Collège de France, CNRS, PSL Université, Sorbonne Université, 75014 Paris, France
⁷ Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁸ Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁰ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹¹ Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Calle Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
¹² Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
¹³ Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos IPARCOS, Fac. de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
¹⁴ Instituto de Radioastronomía and Astrofísica (IRyA-UNAM), 3-72 (Xangari), 8701 Morelia, Mexico
¹⁵ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508-4664, USA
¹⁶ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
¹⁷ Telespazio UK for the European Space Agency (ESA), ESAC, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
¹⁸ Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
¹⁹ Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Avenida Ejercito Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile
²⁰ Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
²¹ School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK

Received: 16 January 2024
Accepted: 22 February 2024

Abstract

We present new optical GTC/MEGARA seeing-limited (0.9″) integral-field observations of NGC 5506, together with ALMA observations of the CO(3 − 2) transition at a 0.2″ (∼25 pc) resolution. NGC 5506 is a luminous (bolometric luminosity of ∼10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹) nearby (26 Mpc) Seyfert galaxy, part of the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). We modelled the CO(3 − 2) kinematics with ^3DBAROLO, revealing a rotating and outflowing cold gas ring within the central 1.2 kpc. We derived an integrated cold molecular gas mass outflow rate for the ring of ∼8 M_⊙ yr⁻¹. We fitted the optical emission lines with a maximum of two Gaussian components to separate rotation from non-circular motions. We detected high [OIII]λ5007 projected velocities (up to ∼1000 km s⁻¹) at the active galactic nucleus (AGN) position, decreasing with radius to an average ∼330 km s⁻¹ around ∼350 pc. We also modelled the [OIII] gas kinematics with a non-parametric method, estimating the ionisation parameter and electron density in every spaxel, from which we derived an ionised mass outflow rate of 0.076 M_⊙ yr⁻¹ within the central 1.2 kpc. Regions of high CO(3 − 2) velocity dispersion, extending to projected distances of ∼350 pc from the AGN, appear to be the result from the interaction of the AGN wind with molecular gas in the galaxy’s disc. Additionally, we find the ionised outflow to spatially correlate with radio and soft X-ray emission in the central kiloparsec. We conclude that the effects of AGN feedback in NGC 5506 manifest as a large-scale ionised wind interacting with the molecular disc, resulting in outflows extending to radial distances of 610 pc.