The Galactic latitude dependency of Faraday complexity in the S-PASS/ATCA RM catalogue

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
e-mail: sranchod@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de
² Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
³ Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
⁴ SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, UK
⁵ Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia

Received: 18 December 2023
Accepted: 14 March 2024

Abstract

The S-band Polarisation All Sky Survey (SPASS/ATCA) rotation measure (RM) catalogue is the largest broadband RM catalogue to date, increasing the RM density in the sparse southern sky. Through analysis of this catalogue, we report a latitude dependency of the Faraday complexity of polarised sources in this catalogue within 10° of the Galactic plane towards the inner Galaxy. In this study, we aim to investigate this trend with follow-up observations using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). We observe 95 polarised sources from the SPASS/ATCA RM catalogue at 1.1–3.1 GHz with ATCA’s 6 km configuration. We present Stokes QU fitting results and a comparative analysis with the SPASS/ATCA catalogue. We find an overall decrease in complexity in these sources with the higher angular resolution observations, with a complexity fraction of 42%, establishing that the majority of the complexity in the SPASS/ATCA sample is due to the mixing-in of diffuse Galactic emission at scales θ > 2.8′. Furthermore, we find a correlation between our observed small-scale complexity θ < 2.8′ and the Galactic spiral arms, which we interpret to be due to Galactic turbulence or small-scale polarised emission. These results emphasise the importance of considering the maximum angular scale to which the observations are sensitive in the classification of Faraday complexity; the effect of which can be more carefully investigated with SKA-precursor and pathfinder arrays (e.g. MeerKAT and ASKAP).