A horseshoe-shaped ring of diffuse emission detected at 1.4 GHz

Midnapore City College, Kuturia, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal 721129, India
e-mail: sabya.pal@gmail.com

Received: 28 August 2023
Accepted: 18 December 2023

Abstract

We identify a horseshoe-shaped ring (HSR) of diffuse emission in J1407+0453 from the Faint Images of Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) survey using the Very Large Array telescope at 1.4 GHz. An optical galaxy, SDSS J140709.01+045302.1, is present near the limb of the HSR of J1407+0453, with a spectroscopic redshift of z = 0.13360. The total extent of the source, including the diffuse emission of J1407+0453, is 65 arcsec (with a physical extent of 160 kpc), whereas the diameter of the HSR is approximately 10 arcsec (25 kpc). The flux density of the HSR is ∼47 mJy at 1400 MHz, whereas the flux densities of the whole diffuse emission of J1407+0453 at 1400 MHz and 150 MHz are 172 mJy and 763 mJy, respectively. We measure the radio luminosity of HSR J1407+0453 as 1.94 × 10²⁴ W Hz⁻¹, with a spectral index, α₁₅₀¹⁴⁰⁰ = −0.67. The black hole mass of J1407+0453 is 5.8 × 10⁸ M_⊙. We compare the HSR of diffuse emission of J1407+0453 with other discovered diffuse circular sources. The possible formation scenarios for J1407+0453 are discussed, so as to understand the nature of the source. We present a spectral index map of source J147+0453 to study the spectral properties of the source.