| Issue |
A&A
Volume 683, March 2024
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | A225 | |
| Number of page(s) | 19 | |
| Section | Numerical methods and codes | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347277 | |
| Published online | 22 March 2024 | |
LeHaMoC: A versatile time-dependent lepto-hadronic modeling code for high-energy astrophysical sources★
1
Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Zografos,
GR 15784,
Athens,
Greece
e-mail: stamstath@phys.uoa.gr
2
Institute of Accelerating Systems & Applications, University Campus Zografos,
Athens,
Greece
Received:
24
June
2023
Accepted:
25
December
2023
Context. Recent associations of high-energy neutrinos with active galactic nuclei (AGN) have revived the interest in leptohadronic models of radiation from astrophysical sources. The rapid increase in the amount of acquired multi-messenger data will require fast numerical models that may be applied to large source samples.
Aims. We develop a time-dependent leptohadronic code, LeHaMoC, that offers several notable benefits compared to other existing codes, such as versatility and speed.
Methods. LeHaMoC solves the Fokker-Planck equations of photons and relativistic particles (i.e. electrons, positrons, protons, and neutrinos) produced in a homogeneous magnetized source that may also be expanding. The code utilizes a fully implicit difference scheme that allows fast computation of steady-state and dynamically evolving physical problems.
Results. We first present test cases where we compare the numerical results obtained with LeHaMoC against exact analytical solutions and numerical results computed with ATHEvA, a well-tested code of similar philosophy but a different numerical implementation. We find a good agreement (within 10–30%) with the numerical results obtained with ATHEvA without evidence of systematic differences. We then demonstrate the capabilities of the code through illustrative examples. First, we fit the spectral energy distribution from a jetted AGN in the context of a synchrotron-self Compton model and a proton-synchrotron model using Bayesian inference. Second, we compute the high-energy neutrino signal and the electromagnetic cascade induced by hadronic interactions in the corona of NGC 1068.
Conclusions. LeHaMoC is easily customized to model a variety of high-energy astrophysical sources and has the potential to become a widely utilized tool in multi-messenger astrophysics.
Key words: astroparticle physics / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / radiative transfer / methods: numerical
Instructions for downloading the code, accessing online documentation, and reproducing applications presented in this paper can be found at https://github.com/mariapetro/LeHaMoC Github repository.
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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