ALMA-IMF

VII. First release of the full spectral line cubes: Core kinematics traced by DCN J = (3−2)

¹ Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
e-mail: nichol.cunningham@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
² Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, PO Box 112055 Gainesville, USA
³ Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán 58089, Mexico
⁴ Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
⁵ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
⁶ Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomí a (CCT-La Plata, CONICET; CICPBA), C.C. No. 5, 1894 Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
⁷ Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
⁸ Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
⁹ S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
¹⁰ Department de Frisca Quantica i Astrofrisca, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
¹¹ Instituto de Cièncias del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
¹² Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capita, 2-4, 08340 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
¹³ Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France
¹⁴ ESO Headquarters, Karl-Schwarzchild-Str 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
¹⁵ Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
¹⁶ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
¹⁷ Astronomical Science Program, Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
¹⁸ Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
¹⁹ Department of Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
²⁰ Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
²¹ Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
²² DAS, Universidad de Chile, 1515 camino el observatorio, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

Received: 10 November 2022
Accepted: 26 May 2023

Abstract

ALMA-IMF is an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program designed to measure the core mass function (CMF) of 15 protoclusters chosen to span their early evolutionary stages. It further aims to understand their kinematics, chemistry, and the impact of gas inflow, accretion, and dynamics on the CMF. We present here the first release of the ALMA-IMF line data cubes (DR1), produced from the combination of two ALMA 12 m-array configurations. The data include 12 spectral windows, with eight at 1.3 mm and four at 3 mm. The broad spectral coverage of ALMA-IMF (∼6.7 GHz bandwidth coverage per field) hosts a wealth of simple atomic, molecular, ionised, and complex organic molecular lines. We describe the line cube calibration done by ALMA and the subsequent calibration and imaging we performed. We discuss our choice of calibration parameters and optimisation of the cleaning parameters, and we demonstrate the utility and necessity of additional processing compared to the ALMA archive pipeline. As a demonstration of the scientific potential of these data, we present a first analysis of the DCN (3–2) line. We find that DCN (3–2) traces a diversity of morphologies and complex velocity structures, which tend to be more filamentary and widespread in evolved regions and are more compact in the young and intermediate-stage protoclusters. Furthermore, we used the DCN (3–2) emission as a tracer of the gas associated with 595 continuum cores across the 15 protoclusters, providing the first estimates of the core systemic velocities and linewidths within the sample. We find that DCN (3–2) is detected towards a higher percentage of cores in evolved regions than the young and intermediate-stage protoclusters and is likely a more complete tracer of the core population in more evolved protoclusters. The full ALMA 12m-array cubes for the ALMA-IMF Large Program are provided with this DR1 release.