Non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor

Use in sensing and correcting atmospheric turbulence

¹ Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (INAF), Largo E. Fermi 5, Firenze 50125, Italy
e-mail: guido.agapito@inaf.it
² DOTA, ONERA, 13661 Salon cedex AIR, France
³ Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
⁴ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-str-2, 85748 Garching, Germany

Received: 9 March 2023
Accepted: 31 July 2023

Abstract

Context. The diffusion of adaptive optics systems in astronomical instrumentation for large ground-based telescopes is rapidly increasing and the pyramid wavefront sensor is replacing the Shack–Hartmann as the standard solution for single conjugate adaptive optics systems. The pyramid wavefront sensor is typically used with a tip-tilt modulation to increase the linearity range of the sensor, but the non-modulated case is interesting because it maximizes the sensor sensitivity. The latter case is generally avoided for the reduced linearity range that prevents robust operation in the presence of atmospheric turbulence.

Aims. We aim to solve part of the issues of the non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor by reducing the model error in the interaction matrix. We linearize the sensor response in the working conditions without extending the sensor linearity range.

Methods. We developed a new calibration approach to model the response of pyramid wave front sensor in partial correction, whereby the working conditions in the presence of residual turbulence are considered.

Results. We use in simulations to show how the new calibration approach allows for the pyramid wave front sensor without modulation to be used to sense and correct atmospheric turbulence and we discuss when this case is preferable over the modulated case.