Physical properties of more than one thousand brightest cluster galaxies detected in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey

¹ Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
e-mail: aline.chu@iap.fr
² Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
³ IRAP, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, CNRS, CNES, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain

Received: 9 March 2022
Accepted: 28 June 2022

Abstract

Context. Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are very massive elliptical galaxies found at the centres of clusters. Their study gives clues to the formation and evolution of the clusters in which they are embedded.

Aims. We analyse here in a homogeneous way the properties of a sample of more than 1000 BCGs in the redshift range 0.15 <  z <  0.7, based on images from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey.

Methods. Based on a recent catalogue of 1371 clusters, we applied our automatic BCG detection algorithm and successfully identified 70% of the BCGs in our sample. We analysed their 2D photometric properties with GALFIT. We also compared the position angles of the BCG major axes with those of the overall cluster to which they belong.

Results. We find no evolution of the BCG properties with redshift up to z = 0.7, in agreement with previous results by Chu et al. (2021, A&A, 649, A42), who analysed a sample an order of magnitude smaller, but reaching a redshift z = 1.8. The Kormendy relation for BCGs is tight and consistent with that of normal elliptical galaxies and BCGs measured by other authors. The position angles of the BCGs and of the cluster to which they belong agree within 30 degrees for 55% of the objects with well-defined position angles.

Conclusions. The study of this very large sample of more than 1000 BCGs shows that they were mainly formed before z = 0.7 as we find no significant growth for the luminosities and sizes of central galaxies. We discuss the importance of the intracluster light in the interpretation of these results. We highlight the role of image depth in the modelling of the luminosity profiles of BCGs, and give evidence of the presence of an inner structure which can only be resolved on deep surveys with limiting apparent magnitude at 80% completeness m₈₀ >  26 mag arcsec⁻².