Spectrophotometry of the lunar regolith using the Chang’E-3 Panoramic Camera (PCAM)

¹ State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
e-mail: doroscope@foxmail.com
² Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, PR China
³ Department of Geology and Planetary Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
⁴ Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
e-mail: wu@pmo.ac.cn
⁵ Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, PR China

Received: 28 December 2021
Accepted: 5 July 2022

Abstract

Aims. We present a multiband photometric study of the lunar mare surface based on in situ measurements using the Panoramic Camera on board the Chang'E-3 mission. We aim to obtain photometric properties and to investigate the differences in measuring sites in various conditions.

Methods. Data were collected with a vast range of phase angles from 0.5° to 160°, probing 0–5° phases to constrain the opposition effect (OE) and phases above 120° to constrain the phase function. Stray light and spectral corrections were conducted to calibrate the regolith’s bidirectional reflectance distribution function. We employed the Hapke photometric model to describe the regolith’s photometric properties.

Results. Phase functions and Hapke parameters at three measuring sites were retrieved. The mare regolith at the measuring sites had a single-scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.17-0.21 for the green channel and exhibited backscattering and a strong OE. The coherent backscatter opposition effect (CBOE) represented the majority of OE, with a proportion of around 80% for pristine regolith. The phase ratio curves were arch-shaped, and the arch positions of the curves were associated with grain size.