Euclid preparation

XVIII. The NISP photometric system

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
e-mail: schirmer@mpia.de
² AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
³ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁴ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
⁵ Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
⁶ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁷ Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁸ Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹⁰ Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
¹¹ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Carrer Gran Capitá 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
¹² Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
¹³ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. dÉcogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
¹⁴ Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹⁵ INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100 Lecce, Italy
¹⁶ Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
¹⁷ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁸ Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
¹⁹ Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg - CNRS, UMR 7550, Strasbourg, France
²⁰ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
²¹ INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
²² Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
²³ Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
²⁴ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁵ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
²⁶ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
²⁷ Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
²⁸ INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
²⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
³⁰ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
³¹ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
³² Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
³³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
³⁴ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
³⁵ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
³⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Universitá di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
³⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
³⁸ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France
³⁹ Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16, France
⁴⁰ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁴¹ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁴² ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain
⁴³ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁴⁴ Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁴⁵ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁴⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciên-cias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁴⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
⁴⁸ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁴⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁰ Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (OAS), Via Gobetti 93/3, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁵¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁵² Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁵³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
⁵⁴ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁵⁵ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁵⁶ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁵⁷ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
⁵⁸ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
⁵⁹ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁶⁰ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁶¹ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁶² NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
⁶³ Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁶⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁶⁵ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁶⁶ Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
⁶⁷ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
⁶⁸ CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bât. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁶⁹ Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 et CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁷⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
⁷¹ Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁷² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁷³ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
⁷⁴ Institute of Space Science, Bucharest 077125, Romania
⁷⁵ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁷⁶ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
⁷⁷ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁷⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Universitá di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷⁹ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tec-nológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁸⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciên-cias, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
⁸¹ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
⁸² INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁸³ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
⁸⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁸⁵ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
⁸⁶ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politec-nico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁸⁷ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
⁸⁸ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
⁸⁹ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁹⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁹¹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁹² Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universitá di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
⁹³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁹⁴ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁵ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
⁹⁷ University of Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I, Lyon, France
⁹⁸ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
⁹⁹ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
¹⁰⁰ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
¹⁰¹ School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
¹⁰² Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
¹⁰³ Institut de Ciencies de 1’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
¹⁰⁴ Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
¹⁰⁵ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
¹⁰⁶ Université PSL, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, 75014 Paris, France
¹⁰⁷ Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 and SSAI, Lanham, MD 20770, USA
¹⁰⁸ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
¹⁰⁹ Centre de Calcul de 1’IN2P3, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
¹¹⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹¹¹ Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
¹¹² Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
¹¹³ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹¹⁴ Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹¹⁵ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada, 2008 Santiago, Chile
¹¹⁶ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
¹¹⁷ Department of Physics, PO Box 35 (YFL), 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland

Received: 13 December 2021
Accepted: 31 March 2022

Abstract

Euclid will be the first space mission to survey most of the extragalactic sky in the 0.95–2.02 µm range, to a 5 σ point-source median depth of 24.4 AB mag. This unique photometric dataset will find wide use beyond Euclid’s core science. In this paper, we present accurate computations of the Euclid Y_E, J_E, and H_E passbands used by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP), and the associated photometric system. We pay particular attention to passband variations in the field of view, accounting for, among other factors, spatially variable filter transmission and variations in the angle of incidence on the filter substrate using optical ray tracing. The response curves’ cut-on and cut-off wavelengths – and their variation in the field of view – are determined with ~0.8 nm accuracy, essential for the photometric redshift accuracy required by Euclid. After computing the photometric zero points in the AB mag system, we present linear transformations from and to common ground-based near-infrared photometric systems, for normal stars, red and brown dwarfs, and galaxies separately. A Python tool to compute accurate magnitudes for arbitrary passbands and spectral energy distributions is provided. We discuss various factors, from space weathering to material outgassing, that may slowly alter Euclid’s spectral response. At the absolute flux scale, the Euclid in-flight calibration program connects the NISP photometric system to Hubble Space Telescope spectrophotometric white dwarf standards; at the relative flux scale, the chromatic evolution of the response is tracked at the milli-mag level. In this way, we establish an accurate photometric system that is fully controlled throughout Euclid’s lifetime.