The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep fields

The mass dependence of the far-infrared radio correlation at 150 MHz using deblended Herschel fluxes

¹ Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
e-mail: i.mccheyne@sussex.ac.uk
² International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
³ SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁴ Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
⁵ INAF-IRA, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁶ Italian ALMA Regional Centre, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁸ European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzchild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
⁹ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
¹⁰ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
¹¹ National Centre for Nuclear Research, Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
¹² Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
¹³ INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
¹⁴ INAF-IRA, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁵ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
¹⁶ GEPI & USN, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
¹⁷ Centre for Radio Astronomy Techniques and Technologies, Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
¹⁸ Inter-university Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, 7535 Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
¹⁹ SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
²⁰ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands

Received: 11 May 2021
Accepted: 11 October 2021

Abstract

The far-infrared radio correlation (FIRC) is one of the strongest correlations in astronomy, yet a model that explains this comprehensively does not exist. The new LOFAR all Sky Survey (LoTSS) deep field, ELAIS-N1, allows exploration of this relation in previously unexplored regions of parameter space of radio frequency (150 MHz), luminosity (L₁₅₀ < 10^24.7), redshift (z ∼ 1), and stellar mass M_* < 10^11.4. We present accurate deblended far-infrared (FIR) flux measurements with robust errors at 24, 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm from Spitzer and the Herschel Space Observatory using XID+. We find that the FIRC has a strong mass dependence, the evolution of which takes the form q_TIR(M_*) = (2.00 ± 0.01)+(−0.22 ± 0.02)(log(M/M_*)−10.05). This matches recent findings in regards to the star formation rate–radio luminosity relation at 150 MHz and results from radio observations in COSMOS at 1.4 GHz with the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA). Our results provide tighter constraints on the low-redshift end of the FIRC and at lower frequency than the COSMOS observations. In addition, we find a mild evolution with redshift, with a best fit relation q_TIR(z) = (1.94 ± 0.01)(1 + z)^{−0.04 ± 0.01}. This evolution is shallower than that suggested by previous results at 150 MHz with the differences explained by the fact that previous studies did not account for the mass dependence. Finally, we present deblended FIR fluxes for 79 609 galaxies across the LoTSS deep fields: Boötes, ELAIS-N1, and Lockman Hole.