Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN)

III. New insights into giant radio quasars^⋆

¹ Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune 411007, India
e-mail: mousumi@iucaa.in
² Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, Collège de France, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne University, 75014 Paris, France
³ Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, India
⁴ Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, India
⁵ Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
⁶ Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

Received: 1 August 2021
Accepted: 22 November 2021

Abstract

Giant radio quasars (GRQs) are radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) that propel megaparsec-scale jets. In order to understand GRQs and their properties, we have compiled all known GRQs (‘the GRQ catalogue’) and a subset of small (size < 700 kpc) radio quasars (SRQs) from the literature. In the process, we have found ten new Fanaroff-Riley type-II GRQs in the redshift range of 0.66 <  z <  1.72, which we include in the GRQ catalogue. Using the above samples, we have carried out a systematic comparative study of GRQs and SRQs using optical and radio data. Our results show that the GRQs and SRQs statistically have similar spectral index and black hole mass distributions. However, SRQs have a higher radio core power, core dominance factor, total radio power, jet kinetic power, and Eddington ratio compared to GRQs. On the other hand, when compared to giant radio galaxies (GRGs), GRQs have a higher black hole mass and Eddington ratio. The high core dominance factor of SRQs is an indicator of them lying closer to the line of sight than GRQs. We also find a correlation between the accretion disc luminosity and the radio core and jet power of GRQs, which provides evidence for disc-jet coupling. Lastly, we find the distributions of Eddington ratios of GRGs and GRQs to be bi-modal, similar to that found in small radio galaxies (SRGs) and SRQs, which indicates that size is not strongly dependent on the accretion state. Using all of this, we provide a basic model for the growth of SRQs to GRQs.