Issue |
A&A
Volume 648, April 2021
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A75 | |
Number of page(s) | 25 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040034 | |
Published online | 14 April 2021 |
A sub-Neptune and a non-transiting Neptune-mass companion unveiled by ESPRESSO around the bright late-F dwarf HD 5278 (TOI-130)★
1
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino,
Via Osservatorio 20,
10025
Pino Torinese,
Italy
e-mail: alessandro.sozzetti@inaf.it
2
Physics Institute of University of Bern,
Gesellschaftsstrasse 6,
3012
Bern, Switzerland
3
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas,
4150-762
Porto, Portugal
4
Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre,
4169-007
Porto, Portugal
5
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA),
Carretera de Ajalvir km 4,
28850
Torrejón de Ardoz,
Madrid, Spain
6
Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias,
Via Lactea,
38200
La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
7
Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica,
38206
La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
8
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC campus,
28692
Villanueva de la Cañada,
Madrid, Spain
9
Vanderbilt University, Department of Physics & Astronomy,
6301 Stevenson Center Lane,
Nashville,
TN
37235, USA
10
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University,
Princeton,
NJ
08544, USA
11
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste,
Via Tiepolo 11,
34143
Trieste, Italy
12
Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, IFPU,
Via Beirut 2,
34151
Grignano, Trieste, Italy
13
Département d’astronomie, Université de Genève,
Chemin Pegasi 51,
1290
Versoix, Switzerland
14
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas,
28006
Madrid, Spain
15
Department of Physics, and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal,
Montréal,
H3T 1J4, Canada
16
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
8800 Greenbelt Road,
Greenbelt,
MD
20771, USA
17
University of Maryland,
Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle,
Baltimore,
MD
21250, USA
18
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa,
Campo Grande,
PT1749-016
Lisboa, Portugal
19
Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências da Univeridade de Lisboa,
Edifício C8,
1749-016
Lisboa, Portugal
20
Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd.,
Pasadena,
CA
91125, USA
21
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139, USA
22
ESO, European Southern Observatory,
Alonso de Cordova 3107,
Vitacura, Santiago
23
NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field,
CA
94035, USA
24
Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian,
60 Garden Street,
Cambridge,
MA
02138, USA
25
Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto,
Rua das Estrelas,
4150-762
Porto, Portugal
26
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo,
Piazza del Parlamento 1,
90134
Palermo, Italy
27
Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich,
Winterthurerstr. 190,
8057
Zurich, Switzerland
28
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera,
Via Bianchi 46,
23807
Merate, Italy
29
Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139, USA
30
Space Telescope Science Institute,
3700 San Martin Drive,
Baltimore,
MD
21218, USA
31
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139, USA
32
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139, USA
33
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT,
77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge,
MA
02139, USA
34
SETI Institute,
Mountain View,
CA
94043, USA
Received:
30
November
2020
Accepted:
27
January
2021
Context. Transiting sub-Neptune-type planets, with radii approximately between 2 and 4 R⊕, are of particular interest as their study allows us to gain insight into the formation and evolution of a class of planets that are not found in our Solar System.
Aims. We exploit the extreme radial velocity (RV) precision of the ultra-stable echelle spectrograph ESPRESSO on the VLT to unveil the physical properties of the transiting sub-Neptune TOI-130 b, uncovered by the TESS mission orbiting the nearby, bright, late F-type star HD 5278 (TOI-130) with a period of Pb = 14.3 days.
Methods. We used 43 ESPRESSO high-resolution spectra and broad-band photometry information to derive accurate stellar atmospheric and physical parameters of HD 5278. We exploited the TESS light curve and spectroscopic diagnostics to gauge the impact of stellar activity on the ESPRESSO RVs. We performed separate as well as joint analyses of the TESS photometry and the ESPRESSO RVs using fully Bayesian frameworks to determine the system parameters.
Results. Based on the ESPRESSO spectra, the updated stellar parameters of HD 5278 are Teff = 6203 ± 64 K, log g = 4.50 ± 0.11 dex, [Fe/H] = −0.12 ± 0.04 dex, M⋆ = 1.126−0.035+0.036 M⊙, and R⋆ = 1.194−0.016+0.017 R⊙. We determine HD 5278 b’s mass and radius to be Mb = 7.8−1.4+1.5 M⊕ and Rb = 2.45 ± 0.05R⊕. The derived mean density, ϱb = 2.9−0.5+0.6 g cm−3, is consistent with the bulk composition of a sub-Neptune with a substantial (~ 30%) water mass fraction and with a gas envelope comprising ~17% of the measured radius. Given the host brightness and irradiation levels, HD 5278 b is one of the best targetsorbiting G-F primaries for follow-up atmospheric characterization measurements with HST and JWST. We discover a second, non-transiting companion in the system, with a period of Pc = 40.87−0.17+0.18 days and a minimum mass of Mc sin ic = 18.4−1.9+1.8 M⊕. We study emerging trends in parameters space (e.g., mass, radius, stellar insolation, and mean density) of the growing population of transiting sub-Neptunes, and provide statistical evidence for a low occurrence of close-in, 10 − 15M⊕ companions around G-F primaries with Teff ≳ 5500 K.
Key words: planetary systems / planets and satellites: composition / stars: individual: HD 5278 (TOI-130) / techniques: radial velocities / techniques: photometric / methods: miscellaneous
© ESO 2021
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