A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)

IX. The effects of ram pressure stripping down to the scale of individual HII regions in the dwarf galaxy IC 3476^⋆,⋆⋆

¹ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
e-mail: alessandro.boselli@lam.fr
² Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
³ Universitá di Milano-Bicocca, piazza della scienza 3, 20100 Milano, Italy
⁴ Institute for Computational Cosmology and Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
⁵ European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, Chile
⁶ Centro de Astronomá (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
⁷ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, 20159 Milano, Italy
⁸ NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada
⁹ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁰ Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
¹¹ Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria
¹² Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
¹³ Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), 20014 University of Turku, Finland
¹⁴ Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
¹⁵ Laboratório de Astrofísica Teórica e Observacional, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45650-000 Ilhéus-BA, Brazil
¹⁶ University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
¹⁷ Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France

Received: 28 July 2020
Accepted: 14 December 2020

Abstract

We study the IB(s)m galaxy IC 3476 observed in the context of the Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE), a blind narrow-band Hα+[NII] imaging survey of the Virgo cluster carried out with MegaCam at the CFHT. The deep narrow-band image reveals a very pertubed ionised gas distribution that is characterised by a prominent banana-shaped structure in the front of the galaxy formed of giant HII regions crossing the stellar disc. Star-forming structures, at ∼8 kpc from the edges of the stellar disc, are also detected in a deep far-ultraviolet ASTROSAT/UVIT image. This particular morphology indicates that the galaxy is undergoing an almost edge-on ram pressure stripping event. The same Hα+[NII] image also shows that the star formation activity is totally quenched in the leading edge of the disc, where the gas has been removed during the interaction with the surrounding medium. The spectral energy distribution fitting analysis of the multi-frequency data indicates that this quenching episode is very recent (∼50 Myr), and roughly corresponds to an increase of the star formation activity by a factor of ∼161% in the inner regions with respect to that expected for secular evolution. The analysis of these data, whose angular resolution enables the study of the induced effects of the perturbation down to the scale of individual HII regions (r_eq ≃ 40 pc), also suggests that the increase of star formation activity is due to the compression of the gas along the stellar disc of the galaxy, which is able to increase its mean electron density and boost the star formation process producing bright HII regions with luminosities up to L(Hα) ≃ 10³⁸ erg s⁻¹. The combined analysis of the VESTIGE data with deep IFU spectroscopy gathered with MUSE and with high spectral resolution Fabry Perot data also indicates that the hydrodynamic interaction has deeply perturbed the velocity field of the ionised gas component while leaving that of the stellar disc unaffected. The comparison of the data with tuned high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations accounting for the different gas phases (atomic, molecular, ionised) consistently indicates that the perturbing event is very recent (50–150 Myr), once again confirming that ram pressure stripping is a violent phenomenon that is able to perturb the evolution of galaxies in rich environments on short timescales.