Issue |
A&A
Volume 645, January 2021
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A16 | |
Number of page(s) | 12 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038934 | |
Published online | 21 December 2020 |
TOI-519 b: A short-period substellar object around an M dwarf validated using multicolour photometry and phase curve analysis
1
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC),
38200 La Laguna,
Tenerife,
Spain
e-mail: hannu@iac.es
2
Department Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL),
38206
La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
3
Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA),
Carretera de Ajalvir km 4,
28850
Torrejon de Ardoz,
Madrid, Spain
4
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo,
Tokyo,
Japan
5
Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo,
3-8-1 Komaba,
Meguro,
Tokyo
153-8902, Japan
6
Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO,
3-8-1 Komaba,
Meguro,
Tokyo
153-8902, Japan
7
Astrobiology Center,
2-21-1 Osawa,
Mitaka,
Tokyo
181-8588, Japan
8
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,
2-21-1 Osawa,
Mitaka,
Tokyo
181-8588, Japan
9
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville,
TN
37235, USA
10
Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo,
7-3-1 Hongo,
Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
11
Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian,
60 Garden Street,
Cambridge,
MA
02138,
USA
12
Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Abteilung Planetenforschung,
Aachener Str. 209,
50931
Köln, Germany
13
Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Nanjing
210023, PR China
14
European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC),
Keplerlaan 1,
2201 AZ
Noordwijk,
The Netherlands
15
Institute of Planetary research, German Aerospace Center,
Rutherfordstrasse 2,
12489
Berlin, Germany
16
Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduated University of Advanced Studies,
SOKENDAI, 2-21-1, Osawa,
Mitaka,
Tokyo
181-8588, Japan
17
Department of Astronomy and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University,
Beijing
100084,
PR China
18
George Mason University, 4400 University Drive,
Fairfax,
VA
22030,
USA
19
Department of Physics & Astronomy,
Swarthmore College,
Swarthmore
PA
19081, USA
20
University of Maryland,
Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle,
Baltimore,
MD
21250, USA
21
NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field,
CA
94035, USA
22
SETI Institute,
189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100,
Mountain View,
CA
94043, USA
23
Noqsi Aerospace Ltd.,
15 Blanchard Avenue,
Billerica,
MA
01821, USA
24
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,
60 Garden St.,
Cambridge,
MA
02138,
USA
25
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139,
USA
26
Space Telescope Science Institute,
3700 San Martin Drive,
Baltimore,
MD
21218, USA
27
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139,
USA
28
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,
MA
02139, USA
29
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University,
Princeton,
NJ
08544, USA
Received:
15
July
2020
Accepted:
19
November
2020
Context. We report the discovery of TOI-519 b (TIC 218795833), a transiting substellar object (R = 1.07 RJup) orbiting a faint M dwarf (V = 17.35) on a 1.26 d orbit. Brown dwarfs and massive planets orbiting M dwarfs on short-period orbits are rare, but more have already been discovered than expected from planet formation models. TOI-519 is a valuable addition to this group of unlikely systems, and it adds towards our understanding of the boundaries of planet formation.
Aims. We set out to determine the nature of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) object of interest TOI-519 b.
Methods. Our analysis uses a SPOC-pipeline TESS light curve from Sector 7, multicolour transit photometry observed with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT, and transit photometry observed with the LCOGT telescopes. We estimated the radius of the transiting object using multicolour transit modelling, and we set upper limits for its mass, effective temperature, and Bond albedo using a phase curve model that includes Doppler boosting, ellipsoidal variations, thermal emission, and reflected light components.
Results. TOI-519 b is a substellar object with a radius posterior median of 1.07 RJup and 5th and 95th percentiles of 0.66 and 1.20 RJup, respectively, where most of the uncertainty comes from the uncertainty in the stellar radius. The phase curve analysis sets an upper effective temperature limit of 1800 K, an upper Bond albedo limit of 0.49, and a companion mass upper limit of 14 MJup. The companion radius estimate combined with the Teff and mass limits suggests that the companion is more likely a planet than a brown dwarf, but a brown-dwarf scenario is a priori more likely given the lack of known massive planets in ≈ 1 day orbits around M dwarfs with Teff < 3800 K, and given the existence of some (but few) brown dwarfs.
Key words: stars: individual: TIC 218 795 833 / planets and satellites: general / methods: statistical / techniques: photometric
© ESO 2020
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