Nitrogen abundance in the X-ray halos of clusters and groups of galaxies

¹ SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: J.Mao@Sron.nl
² Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
³ Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, CB3 0HA Cambridge, UK
⁴ Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, PR China
⁵ Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany

Received: 4 April 2017
Accepted: 12 September 2018

Abstract

Context. Chemical abundances in the X-ray halos (also known as the intracluster medium, ICM) of clusters and groups of galaxies can be measured via prominent emission line features in their X-ray spectra. Elemental abundances are footprints of time-integrated yields of various stellar populations that have left their specific abundance patterns prior to and during the cluster and group evolution. Aim. We aim to constrain nitrogen abundances in the CHEmical Evolution RGS Sample (CHEERS), which contains 44 nearby groups and clusters of galaxies, to gain a better understanding of their chemical enrichment.

Method. We examined the high-resolution spectra of the CHEERS sample and took various systematic effects in the spectral modelling into account. We compared the observed abundance ratios with those in the Galactic stellar populations and also with predictions from stellar yields (low- and intermediate-mass stars, massive stars, and degenerate stars).

Results. The nitrogen abundance can only be well constrained (≳3σ) in one cluster of galaxies and seven groups of galaxies. The [O/Fe] – [Fe/H] relation of the ICM is comparable to that for the Galaxy, while the [N/Fe] and [N/O] ratios of the ICM are both higher than in the Galaxy. Future studies on nitrogen radial distributions are required to tell whether the obtained higher [N/Fe] and [N/O] ratios are biased as a result of the small extraction region (r/r₅₀₀ ≲ 0.05) that we adopt here. Since abundances of odd-Z elements are more sensitive to the initial metallicity of stellar populations, accurate abundance measurements of N, Na, and Al are required to better constrain the chemical enrichment in the X-ray halos of clusters and groups of galaxies.