The XXL Survey

XXII. The XXL-North spectrophotometric sample and galaxy stellar mass function in X-ray detected groups and clusters^★

¹ INAF–Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
e-mail: valentina.guglielmo@oapd.inaf.it
² Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille France
³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁴ School of Physics, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
⁵ Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano, via Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy
⁶ INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁷ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁸ Argelander Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁹ School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
¹⁰ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, AIM, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹¹ Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
¹² Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (INAF), via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy
¹³ School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
¹⁴ International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia, M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
¹⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶ Main Astronomical Observatory, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 27 Akademika Zabolotnoho St., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
¹⁷ Department of Physics and Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Us-48109, USA
¹⁸ ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk 2201 AZ, The Netherlands
¹⁹ Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa
²⁰ Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde 1670, Australia
²¹ Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
²² INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera, 28, 20159 Milano, Italy
²³ Universität Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
²⁴ Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 06304 Nice, France
²⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109; Australian Astronomical Observatory PO Box 915, North Ryde NSW 1670, Australia
²⁶ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Physics Department, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
²⁷ Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, AP 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
²⁸ IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Penteli, Greece
²⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
³⁰ Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Science, 33 Astronomicheskaya str., Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
³¹ Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
³² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada
³³ SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
³⁴ Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, ESA, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain

Received: 28 February 2017
Accepted: 27 September 2017

Abstract

Context. The fraction of galaxies bound in groups in the nearby Universe is high (50% at z ~ 0). Systematic studies of galaxy properties in groups are important in order to improve our understanding of the evolution of galaxies and of the physical phenomena occurring within this environment.

Aims. We have built a complete spectrophotometric sample of galaxies within X-ray detected, optically spectroscopically confirmed groups and clusters (G&C), covering a wide range of halo masses at z ≤ 0.6.

Methods. In the context of the XXL survey, we analyse a sample of 164 G&C in the XXL-North region (XXL-N), at z ≤ 0.6, with a wide range of virial masses (1.24 × 10¹³ ≤ M_500,scal(M_⊙) ≤ 6.63 × 10¹⁴) and X-ray luminosities ((2.27 × 10⁴¹ ≤ L_500,scal^XXL(erg s⁻¹) ≤ 2.15 × 10⁴⁴)). The G&C are X-ray selected and spectroscopically confirmed. We describe the membership assignment and the spectroscopic completeness analysis, and compute stellar masses. As a first scientific exploitation of the sample, we study the dependence of the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) on global environment.

Results. We present a spectrophotometric characterisation of the G&C and their galaxies. The final sample contains 132 G&C, 22 111 field galaxies and 2225 G&C galaxies with r-band magnitude <20. Of the G&C, 95% have at least three spectroscopic members, and 70% at least ten. The shape of the GSMF seems not to depend on environment (field versus G&C) or X-ray luminosity (used as a proxy for the virial mass of the system). These results are confirmed by the study of the correlation between mean stellar mass of G&C members and L_500,scal^XXL. We release the spectrophotometric catalogue of galaxies with all the quantities computed in this work.

Conclusions. As a first homogeneous census of galaxies within X-ray spectroscopically confirmed G&C at these redshifts, this sample will allow environmental studies of the evolution of galaxy properties.