Magnetic field variations associated with umbral flashes and penumbral waves

¹ Institute for Solar Physics, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
² Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
³ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
e-mail: jayant.joshi@astro.uio.no

Received: 5 March 2018
Accepted: 24 August 2018

Abstract

Context. Umbral flashes (UF) and running penumbral waves (RPWs) in sunspot chromospheres leave a dramatic imprint in the intensity profile of the Ca II 8542 Å line. Recent studies have focussed on also explaining the observed polarization profiles, which show even more dramatic variations during the passage of these shock fronts. While most of these variations can be explained with an almost constant magnetic field as a function of time, several studies have reported changes in the inferred magnetic field strength during UF phases. These changes could be explained by opacity effects or by intrinsic changes in the magnetic field strength.

Aims. In this study we investigate the origin of these periodic variations of the magnetic field strength by analyzing a time-series of high-temporal-cadence observations acquired in the Ca II 8542 Å line with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. In particular, we analyze how the inferred geometrical height scale changes between quiescent and UF phases, and whether those changes are enough to explain the observed changes in the magnetic field, B.

Methods. We have performed non local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) data inversions with the NICOLE code of a time-series of very high spatio-temporal-resolution observations in the Ca II 8542 Å, Fe I 6301.5, and Fe I 6302.5 Å lines. We analyze in detail the variations of the different physical parameters of the model as a function of time.

Results. Our results indicate that the Ca II 8542 Å line in sunspots is greatly sensitive to magnetic fields at log τ₅₀₀ = −5 (hereafter log τ = −5) during UFs and quiescence. However this optical depth value does not correspond to the same geometrical height during the two phases. Our results indicate that during UFs and RPWs the log τ = −5 is located at a higher geometrical height than during quiescence. Additionally, the inferred magnetic field values are higher in UFs (up to ∼270 G) and in RPWs (∼100 G).

Conclusions. Our results suggest that opacity changes caused by UFs and RPWs cannot explain the observed temporal variations in the magnetic field, as the line seems to form at higher geometrical heights where the field is expected to be lower.