Issue |
A&A
Volume 617, September 2018
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A27 | |
Number of page(s) | 36 | |
Section | Interstellar and circumstellar matter | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731159 | |
Published online | 12 September 2018 |
Kinematics of dense gas in the L1495 filament★,★★
1
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik,
Giessenbachstrasse 1,
85748
Garching,
Germany
2
Ural Federal University,
19 Mira St.,
620002
Yekaterinburg,
Russia
e-mail: anna.punanova@urfu.ru
3
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario,
1151 Richmond Street,
London,
ON
N6A 3K7,
Canada
4
Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN),
Alfonso XII 3,
28014
Madrid,
Spain
5
Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden,
Niels Bohrweg 2,
2333
CA Leiden,
The Netherlands
Received:
11
May
2017
Accepted:
12
June
2018
Context. Nitrogen bearing species, such as NH3, N2H+, and their deuterated isotopologues show enhanced abundances in CO-depleted gas, and thus are perfect tracers of dense and cold gas in star-forming regions. The Taurus molecular cloud contains the long L1495 filament providing an excellent opportunity to study the process of star formation in filamentary environments.
Aims. We study the kinematics of the dense gas of starless and protostellar cores traced by the N2D+(2–1), N2H+(1–0), DCO+(2–1), and H13CO+(1–0) transitions along the L1495 filament and the kinematic links between the cores and surrounding molecular cloud.
Methods. We measured velocity dispersions, local and total velocity gradients, and estimate the specific angular momenta of 13 dense cores in the four transitions using on-the-fly observations with the IRAM 30-m antenna. To study a possible connection to the filament gas, we used the C18O(1–0) observations.
Results. The velocity dispersions of all studied cores are mostly subsonic in all four transitions and are similar and almost constant dispersion across the cores in N2D+(2–1) and N2H+(1–0). A small fraction of the DCO+(2–1) and H13CO+(1–0) lines show transonic dispersion and exhibit a general increase in velocity dispersion with line intensity. All cores have velocity gradients (0.6–6.1 km s−1 pc−1), typical of dense cores in low-mass star-forming regions. All cores show similar velocity patterns in the different transitions, simple in isolated starless cores, and complex in protostellar cores and starless cores close to young stellar objects where gas motions can be affected by outflows. The large-scale velocity field traced by C18O(1–0) does not show any perturbation due to protostellar feedback and does not mimic the local variations seen in the other four tracers. Specific angular momentum J∕M varies in a range (0.6–21.0) × 1020 cm2 s−1, which is similar to the results previously obtained for dense cores. The J∕M measured in N2D+(2–1) is systematically lower than J∕M measured in DCO+(2–1) and H13CO+(1–0).
Conclusions. All cores show similar properties along the 10 pc-long filament. N2D+(2–1) shows the most centrally concentrated structure, followed by N2H+(1–0) and DCO+(2–1), which show similar spatial extent, and H13CO+(1–0). The non-thermal contribution to the velocity dispersion increases from higher to lower density tracers. The change of magnitude and direction of the total velocity gradients depending on the tracer used indicates that internal motions change at different depths within the cloud. N2D+ and N2H+ show smaller gradients than the lower density tracers DCO+ and H13CO+, implying a loss of specific angular momentum at small scales. At the level of cloud-core transition, the core’s external envelope traced by DCO+ and H13CO+ is spinning up, which is consistent with conservation of angular momentum during core contraction. C18O traces the more extended cloud material whose kinematics is not affected by the presence of dense cores. The decrease in specific angular momentum towards the centres of the cores shows the importance of local magnetic fields to the small-scale dynamics of the cores. The random distributions of angles between the total velocity gradient and large-scale magnetic field suggests that magnetic fields may become important only in high density gas within dense cores.
Key words: stars: formation / ISM: kinematics and dynamics / ISM: clouds / ISM: molecules / ISM: individual objects: L1495 / radio lines: ISM
This work is based on observations carried out under the projects 032-14 and 156-14 with the IRAM 30 m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).
The data cubes with the hfs parameters are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/617/A27
© ESO 2018
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.