Issue |
A&A
Volume 596, December 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A104 | |
Number of page(s) | 12 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628522 | |
Published online | 12 December 2016 |
Planck intermediate results
XLIII. Spectral energy distribution of dust in clusters of galaxies
1 APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
2 Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Dept of Radio Science and Engineering, PO Box 13000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
3 Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan, Bauman Str., 20, 420111 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
4 African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6–8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, 7945 Cape Town, South Africa
5 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
6 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
7 Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
8 Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, South Africa
9 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355 Santiago, Chile
10 CGEE, SCS Qd 9, Lote C, Torre C, 4° andar, Ed. Parque Cidade Corporate, CEP 70308-200, Brasília, DF, Brazil
11 CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
12 CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
13 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
14 Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan, 1, planta 2, 44001 Teruel, Spain
15 Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, CA 94720, USA
16 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
17 DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
18 DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
19 Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24, Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
20 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
21 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33077 Oviedo, Spain
22 Department of Astronomy and Geodesy, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str., 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
23 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
24 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
25 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
26 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
27 Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
28 Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA
29 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, CA 93106 USA
30 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
31 Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
32 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, 00133 Roma, Italy
33 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
34 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
35 Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
36 Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
37 Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
38 European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001 Santiago, Chile
39 European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
40 European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
41 Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’ Aquila, Italy
42 HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical Physics Department, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
43 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 35131 Helsinki, Finland
44 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
45 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
46 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
47 INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
48 INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
49 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
50 INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
51 INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
52 INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
53 INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
54 IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
55 Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
56 Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
57 Institut Universitaire de France, 103 bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
58 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
59 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
60 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
61 Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 38106 Oslo, Norway
62 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, 38205 Tenerife, Spain
63 Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
64 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
65 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
66 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
67 Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
68 Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
69 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
70 LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75000 Paris, France
71 Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique − CEA/DSM − CNRS − Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
72 Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
73 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
74 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
75 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 California, USA
76 Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., 117997 Moscow, GSP-7, Russia
77 Max-Planck-Institut fürAstrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
78 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Institutsky per., 9, 141700 Moscow, Russia
79 National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
80 Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
81 Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
82 Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
83 Nordita (Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics), Roslagstullsbacken 23, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
84 Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E6 BT London, UK
85 SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
86 SMARTEST Research Centre, Università degli Studi e-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
87 School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
88 Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
89 Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str, 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
90 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, CA 94720 USA
91 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, 369167 Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russia
92 Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
93 TÜBİTAK National Observatory, Akdeniz University Campus, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
94 The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics,Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
95 UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
96 Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
97 University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, 18071 Granada, Spain
98 University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, 18071 Granada, Spain
99 Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Received: 15 March 2016
Accepted: 1 June 2016
Although infrared (IR) overall dust emission from clusters of galaxies has been statistically detected using data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), it has not been possible to sample the spectral energy distribution (SED) of this emission over its peak, and thus to break the degeneracy between dust temperature and mass. By complementing the IRAS spectral coverage with Planck satellite data from 100 to 857 GHz, we provide new constraints on the IR spectrum of thermal dust emission in clusters of galaxies. We achieve this by using a stacking approach for a sample of several hundred objects from the Planck cluster sample. This procedure averages out fluctuations from the IR sky, allowing us to reach a significant detection of the faint cluster contribution. We also use the large frequency range probed by Planck, together with component-separation techniques, to remove the contamination from both cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZ) signal, which dominate at ν ≤ 353 GHz. By excluding dominant spurious signals or systematic effects, averaged detections are reported at frequencies 353 GHz ≤ ν ≤ 5000 GHz. We confirm the presence of dust in clusters of galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts, yielding an SED with a shape similar to that of the Milky Way. Planck’s resolution does not allow us to investigate the detailed spatial distribution of this emission (e.g. whether it comes from intergalactic dust or simply the dust content of the cluster galaxies), but the radial distribution of the emission appears to follow that of the stacked SZ signal, and thus the extent of the clusters. The recovered SED allows us to constrain the dust mass responsible for the signal and its temperature.
Key words: galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium / galaxies: clusters: general / diffuse radiation / infrared: general
© ESO, 2016
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