The PHEMU09 catalogue and astrometric results of the observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made in 2009

¹ Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides-Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8028 CNRS, UPMC, USTL, 77 avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France
e-mail: Jean-Eudes.Arlot@imcce.fr
² Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
³ Association Jonckheere-Les Amis de l’Observatoire de Lille, 1 Impasse de l’Observatoire, 59000 Lille, France
⁴ Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi, 95128 Catania, Italy
⁵ Associazione Astrofili Bolognesi, 95128 Bologna, Italy
⁶ viale L.Pirandello, 26, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
⁷ Im Erlenhof 2a, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
⁸ Agrupació Astronómica de Sabadell, Carrer Prat de la Riba, s/n, 08206 Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
⁹ Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK
¹⁰ CALA, Place de la nation, 69120 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
¹¹ Observatorul Astronomic Amiral Vasile Urseanu, no.21, Lascar Catargiu Boulevard, 71111 Bucharest, Romania
¹² Nonndorf 12, 3830, Austria
¹³ 2112 Maple Leaf Trail, Columbia, TN, 38401, USA
¹⁴ 2 rue de l’Ardèche, 31170 Tournefeuille, France
¹⁵ Univ. Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, 33270 Floirac, France
¹⁶ Astronomical Union of Sparta, 23100 Sparta, Greece
¹⁷ Plantation, FL, USA
¹⁸ 1155 Hartford St Elgin, Oregon 97827, USA
¹⁹ 22 Booker Road, Hawkesbury Heights NSW 2777, Australia
²⁰ 136 Rio Senda, Umatilla, Oregon 97882, USA
²¹ Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
²² Shandong University at Weihai, 264209 Weihai, PR China
²³ 1-4-17, Okino, Higashi-Ohmi, 527-0034 Shiga, Japan
²⁴ Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Pulkovo, Russia
²⁵ Astronomical observatory of Odessa University, Marazlievskaya st. 1-B, Odessa, Ukraine
²⁶ Department of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, University of Athens, 15784 Zografos, Athens, Greece
²⁷ Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, PR China
²⁸ 14 Craigieburn Street, 7510 Darfield, New Zealand
²⁹ Istituto Spezzino Ricerche Astronomiche, 19125 La Spezia, Italy
³⁰ Astronomical Observatory University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
³¹ Astrocampania, 80063 Piano di Sorrento, Italy
³² 4368-1, Akashina-Nanaki, Azumino, 399-7104 Nagano, Japan
³³ University of Namur, NAmur Center for CompleX SYStems (naXys), Rempart de la Vierge 8, 5000 Namur, Belgium
³⁴ Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
³⁵ 45/192 Vimiera Rd, Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia
³⁶ Department of computer Science, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, PR China
³⁷ Institut de Ciéncies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Facultat de Ciéncies, Torre C5 parell 2n pis, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
³⁸ Observatory and Planetarium Praha, Kralovska obora 233 170 21 Praha 7, Czech Republic
³⁹ 26 impasse des Forsythias, 06560 Valbonne, France
⁴⁰ Observatório do Valongo/UFRJ, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, RJ 23. 070-200 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁴¹ Organizzazione Ricerche e Studi di Astronomia, Palermo, Italy
⁴² Kourovskaya observatory of the Ural Federal University, Prospect Lenina 51, 620000 Ecaterinbourg, Russia
⁴³ Gruppo Astrofili di Piacenza, Italy
⁴⁴ Scaggsville, Maryland, USA
⁴⁵ Fessenkov Astrophysical Institute, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan
⁴⁶ RASNZ Occultation Section, 3 Hughes Street, Waikanae Beach, New Zealand
⁴⁷ Newark, New York, USA
⁴⁸ Associazione Iblea Divulgazione Astronomica, 497100 Ragusa, Italy
⁴⁹ 9 Payling Lane, 8052 Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
⁵⁰ PO Box 117, Chester, GA 31012, USA
⁵¹ 8 rue des Ormes, 67450 Mundolsheim, France
⁵² 281, Kasadashinden, Inabe, Mie, 511-0205, Japan
⁵³ Virtual Telescope Project, Via Madonna de Loco 47, 03023 Ceccano (FR), Italy
⁵⁴ Observatorio Nacional/MCTI, R. General Jose Cristino 77, RJ 20. 921-400 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁵⁵ Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1203, RJ 23. 070-200 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁵⁶ 3 Lupin Pl, Murrumbateman, NSW 2582, Australia
⁵⁷ CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, 33270 Floirac, France

Received: 20 March 2014
Accepted: 15 May 2014

Abstract

Context. In 2009, the Sun and the Earth passed through the equatorial plane of Jupiter and therefore the orbital planes of its main satellites. It was the equinox on Jupiter. This occurrence made mutual occultations and eclipses between the satellites possible. Experience has shown that the observations of such events provide accurate astrometric data able to bring new information on the dynamics of the Galilean satellites. Observations are made under the form of photometric measurements, but need to be made through the organization of a worldwide observation campaign maximizing the number and the quality of the data obtained.

Aims. This work focuses on processing the complete database of photometric observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made during the international campaign in 2009. The final goal is to derive new accurate astrometric data.

Methods. We used an accurate photometric model of mutual events adequate with the accuracy of the observation. Our original method was applied to derive astrometric data from photometric observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter.

Results. We processed the 457 lightcurves obtained during the international campaign of photometric observations of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter in 2009. Compared with the theory, for successful observations, the r.m.s. of O–C residuals are equal to 45.8 mas and 81.1 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively; the mean O–C residuals are equal to –2 mas and –9 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, for mutual occultations; and –6 mas and +1 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, for mutual eclipses.