Cosmic-ray energy spectrum and composition up to the ankle: the case for a second Galactic component

S. Thoudam; J. P. Rachen; A. van Vliet; A. Achterberg; S. Buitink; H. Falcke; J. R. Hörandel

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628894

Free Access

Issue		A&A Volume 595, November 2016


Article Number		A33
Number of page(s)		24
Section		Astrophysical processes
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628894
Published online		25 October 2016

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., et al. (Pierre Auger Collaboration), 2014, Phys. Rev. D, 90 122006 [Google Scholar]
Aartsen, M. G., Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., et al. 2013, Phys. Rev. D, 88, 042004 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Al-Seady, M., et al. 2009, Astropart. Phys., 32, 53 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., et al. 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 181101 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, L1 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., et al. 2006, ApJ, 636, 777 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Bazer-Bachi, A. R., et al. 2007, A&A, 464, 235 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Aharonian, F. A., Akhperjanian, A. G., Barres de Almeida, U., et al. 2008, A&A, 477, 353 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., et al. 2011, Science, 332, 69 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., et al. 2014, Phys. Rep., 544, 323 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Aguilar, M., Ye, Y., Refakis, C. A., et al. 2013, Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 141102 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Aguilar, M., Alpat, B., Alvino, A., et al. 2014, Phys. Rev. Lett., 113, 121102 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Aguilar, M., Aisa, D., Alpat, B., et al. 2015a, Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 171103 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Aguilar, M., Aisa, D., Alpat, B., et al. 2015b, Phys. Rev. Lett., 115, 211101 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Ahn, H. S., Allison, P. S., Bagliesi, M. G., et al. 2009, ApJ, 707, 593 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Albert, J., Aliu, E., Anderhub, H., et al. 2007, A&A, 474, 937 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Aloisio, R., & Berezinsky, V. S. 2005, ApJ, 625, 249 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Aloisio, R., Berezinsky, V. S, & Gazizov, A., 2012, Astropart. Phys., 39, 129 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Aloisio, R., Berezinsky, V. S, & Blasi, P., 2014, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 10, 020 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Amenomori, M., Bi, X. J., Chen, D., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1165 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Antoni, T., Apel, W. D., Badea, A. F., et al. 2005, Astropart. Phys., 24, 1 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Apel, W. D., Arteaga-Velàzquez, J. C., Bekk, K., et al. 2013, Phys. Rev. D, 87, 081101 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Axford, W. I. 1994, ApJS, 90, 937 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Baade, W., & Zwicky, F. 1934, PNAS, 20, 259 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Batista, R. A, & Sigl, G., 2014, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1411, 031 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Batista, R. A., Boncioli, D., di Matteo, A., et al. 2015, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 10, 063 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Batista, R. A., Dundovic, A., Erdmann, M., et al. 2016, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 05, 038 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bell, A. R. 1978, MNRAS 182, 147 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bell, A. R. 2004, MNRAS, 353, 550 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bell, A. R., & Lucek, S. G. 2001, MNRAS, 321, 433 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Berezhko, E. G., & Völk, H. J. 2000, A&A, 357, 283 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Berezhko, E. G., Ksenofontov, L. T., Ptuskin, V. S., Zirakashvili, V. N., & Völk, H. J. 2003, A&A, 410, 189 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Berezhnev, S. F., et al. 2013, in Proc. 33rd ICRC, Paper ID 326 [Google Scholar]
Berezinsky, V. S., & Grigorieva, S. I.,1988, A&A, 199, 1 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Berezinsky, V. S., Grigorieva, S. I., & Hnatyk, B. I. 2004, Astropart. Phys., 21, 617 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Berezinsky, V. S., Gazizov, A., & Grigorieva, S. I. 2006, Phys. Rev. D, 74, 043005 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Biermann, P. L., & Cassinelli, J. P. 1993, A&A, 277, 691 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Biermann, P. L., Becker, J. K., Dreyer, J., et al. 2010a, ApJ, 725, 184 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Biermann, P. L., Becker, J. K.,Caceres, G., et al. 2010b, ApJ, 725, 184 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bird, D. J., Corbato, S. C., Dai, H. Y., et al. 1994, ApJ, 424, 491 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Blandford, R., & Ostriker, J. P. 1978, ApJ, 221, L29 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Blasi, P., Amato, E., & Serpico, P. D. 2012, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109, 061101 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bloemen, J. B. G. M., Dogiel, V. A., Dorman, V. L., & Ptuskin, V. S. 1993, A&A, 267, 372 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Falcke, H., et al. (LOFAR Collaboration) 2016, Nature, 531, 70 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Breitschwerdt, D., McKenzie, J. F., & Vólk, H. J. 1991, A&A, 245, 79 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Breitschwerdt, D., Dogiel, V. A., & Vólk, H. J. 2002, A&A, 385, 216 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Caprioli, D., Blasi, P., & Amato, E. 2011, Astropart. Phys., 34, 447 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
de la Chevrotière, A., St-Louis, N., Moffat, A. F. J., & MiMeS Collaboration 2013, ApJ, 764, 171 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
de la Chevrotière, A., St-Louis, N., Moffat, A. F. J., & MiMeS Collaboration 2014, ApJ, 781, 73 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
di Matteo, A., for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 2015, PoS(ICRC2015)249 [Google Scholar]
Dorfi, E. A., & Breitschwerdt, D. 2012, A&A, 540, A77 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Drury, L. O. 1983, Rep. Prog. Phys., 46, 973 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Engelmann, J. J., Ferrando, P., Soutoul, A., Goret, P., & Juliusson, E. 1990, A&A, 233, 96 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Erlykin, A. D., & Wolfendale, A. W. 2012, Astropart. Phys., 35, 449 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Farrar, G. R., & Gruzinov, A. 2009, ApJ, 693, 329 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Gal-Yam, A., Arcavi, I., Ofek, E. O., et al. 2014, Nature, 509, 471 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Ghia, P. L., for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 2015, PoS(ICRC2015)034 [Google Scholar]
Gilmore, R. C., Somerville, R. S., Primack, J. R., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 422, 3189 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Globus, N., Allard, D., & Parizot, E. 2015a, Phys. Rev. D, 92, 021302 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Globus, N., Allard, D., Mochkovitch, R., & Parizot, E. 2015b, MNRAS, 451, 751 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Green, D. A. 2009, BASI, 37, 45 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Greisen, K. 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett., 16, 748 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hillas, A. M. 1967, Phys. Lett. A, 24, 677 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hillas, A. M. 1984, ARA&A, 22, 425 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hillas, A. M. 2005, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 31, R95 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hörandel, J. R. 2003a, Astropart. Phys., 19, 193 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hörandel, J. R. 2003b, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 29, 2439 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Hörandel, J. R. 2006, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 47, 41 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Jokipii, J. R., & Morfill, G. 1987, 312, 170 [Google Scholar]
Jones, F. C, Lukasiak, A., Ptuskin, V., & Webber, W. 2001, ApJ, 547, 264 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Kampert, K. H., & Unger, M., 2012, 35, 660 [Google Scholar]
Kang, H., Ryu, D., & Jones, T. W. 1996, ApJ, 456, 422 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Kang, H., Rachen, J. P., & Biermann, P. L. 1997, MNRAS, 286, 257 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Kelner, S. R., Aharonian, F. A., & Bugayov, V. V., 2006, Phys. Rev. D, 74, 034018 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Knurenko, S., & Sabourov, A. 2010, in Proc. XVI Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2010) [arXiv:1010.1185] [Google Scholar]
Kotera, K., & Lemoine, M. 2008, Phys. Rev. D, 77, 023005 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Krymskii, G. F. 1977, Akad. Nauk SSSR Dokl., 234, 1306 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Lagage, P. O., & Cesarsky, C. J. 1983, A&A, 125, 249 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Lemoine, M. 2005, Phys. Rev. D, 71, 083007 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Lerche, I., & Schlickeiser, R. 1982a, A&A, 116, 10 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Lerche, I., & Schlickeiser, R. 1982b, MNRAS, 201, 1041 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Letaw, J. R., Silberberg, R., & Tsao, C. H. 1983, ApJS, 51, 271 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Lucek, S. G., & Bell, A. R. 2000, MNRAS, 314, 65 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Lodders, K., & Palme, H. 2009, Met. Planet. Sci. Suppl., 72, 5154 [Google Scholar]
Malkov, M. A., & Drury, L. O’C., 2001, Rep. Prog. Phys., 64, 429 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Mannheim, K., Protheroe, R. J., & Rachen, J. P. 2001, Phys. Rev. D, 63, 023003 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [MathSciNet] [Google Scholar]
Mollerach, S., & Roulet, E. 2013, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1310, 013 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Müller, D., Swordy, S. P., Meyer, P., L’Heureux, J., & Grunsfeld, J. M. 1991, ApJ, 374, 356 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Muraishi, H., Yanagita, S., & Yoshida, T. 2005, Prog. Theoret. Phys., 113, 721 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Murase, K., Ioka, K., Nagataki, S., & Nakamura, T. 2008, Phys. Rev. D, 78, 023005 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Obermeier, A., Ave, M., Boyle, P., et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, 14 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Ohira, Y., Murase, K., & Yamazaki, R. 2011, MNRAS, 410, 1577 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Panov, A. D., Adams, J. H., Jr., Ahn, H. S., et al. 2007, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., 71, 494 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Parizot, E., Marcowith, A., Ballet, J., & Gallant, Y. A. 2006, A&A, 453, 387 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Parker, E. N. 1958, ApJ, 128, 664 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Pollock, A. M. T., Corcoran, M. F., Stevens, I. R., & Williams, P. M. 2005, ApJ, 629, 482 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Porcelli, A. 2015, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration, PoS (ICRC2015), 420 [arXiv:1509.03732] [Google Scholar]
Ptuskin, V. S., Rogovaya, S. I., Zirakashvili, V., et al. 1993, A&A, 268, 726 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Ptuskin, V. S., Zirakashvili, V., & Seo, E. S. 2010, ApJ, 718, 31 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Ptuskin, V. S., Zirakashvili, V., & Seo, E. S. 2013, ApJ, 763, 47 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Rachen, J. P. 2016, Proc. 28th Texas Symp. Relativ. Astrophys., Geneva, Switzerland, 13–18 December 2015, Electronic Proceedings #230 [Google Scholar]
Rachen, J. P., & Biermann, P. L. 1993, A&A, 272, 161 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Rachen, J. P., Stanev, T., & Biermann, P. L. 1993, A&A, 273, 377 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Reville, B., & Bell, A. R. 2012, MNRAS, 419, 2433 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Rosslowe, C. K., & Crowther, P. A. 2015, MNRAS, 447, 2322 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Schulz, A., for the Pierre Auger Collaboration 2013, in Proc. 33rd ICRC, Rio de Janeiro, [arXiv:1307.5059] [Google Scholar]
Soderberg, A. M., Margutti, R., Zauderer, B. A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 752, 78 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Stanev, T., Biermann, P. L., & Gaisser, T. K. 1993, A&A, 274, 902 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Stanev, T., Engel, R., Múcke, A., Protheroe, R. J., & Rachen, J. P. 2000, Phys. Rev. D, 62, 093005 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Strong, A. W., & Moskalenko, I. V. 1998, ApJ, 509, 212 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Swordy, S. P., Müller, D., Meyer, P., L’Heureux, J., & Grunsfeld, J. M. 1990, ApJ, 349, 625 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Thoudam, S. 2008, MNRAS, 388, 335 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Thoudam, S., & Hörandel, J. R. 2012, MNRAS, 421, 1209 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Thoudam, S., & Hörandel, J. R. 2013, MNRAS, 435, 2532 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Thoudam, S., & Hörandel, J. R. 2014, A&A, 567, A33 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Tomassetti, N. 2012, ApJ, 752, L13 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Unger, M., Farrar, G. R., & Anchordoqui, L. A. 2015, Phys. Rev. D, 92, 123001 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Vink, J., & Laming, J. M., 2003, ApJ, 584, 758 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Völk, H. J., & Biermann, P. L. 1988, ApJ, 333, L65 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Völk, H. J., & Zirakashvili, V. N, 2004, A&A, 417, 807 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
Wandel, A. 1988, A&A, 200, 279 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
Wandel, A., Eichler, D. S., Letaw, J. R., Silberberg, R., & Tsao, C. H. 1987, ApJ, 316, 676 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Waxman, E. 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 386 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Yoon, Y. S., Ahn, H. S., Allison, P. S., et al. 2011, ApJ, 728, 122 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Yuan, Q., Zhang, B., & Bi, X.-J, 2011, Phys. Rev. D, 84, 043002 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Zatsepin, G. T., & Kuzmin, V. A, 1966, J. Exp. Teorit. Phys. Lett., 4, 78 [Google Scholar]
Zirakashvili, V., & Völk, H. J. 2006, Adv. Space Res., 37, 1923 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Zirakashvili, V., Breitschwerdt, D., Ptuskin, V. S., & Völk, H. J. 1996, A&A, 311, 113 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.