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Table 2

Main parameters for the early-M-type RSG model of µ Cephei.

Teff 3800 K (1)
Tchrom 5215 (4375) K
ng,chrom 3.6(18) × 1010cm−3
R 762R = 3.55 au (2)
L 1.1 × 105 L
d 42142+57Mathematical equation: $421\substack{+57\\-42}$ pc
θK 16.85 ± 0.15 mas
υLSR 36.0 km s−1
M(core) 7.0 M (3)
M(total) 11 M (4)
Mms 15 M
Rout 44 au (5)
Mcs 0.011(0.013) M (6)
MH I 0.008 (0.009) M
5.1 × 10−7 M yr−1 (7)
AV 2.58 (8)

Notes. (1) Photospheric temperature for comparison with the MARCS model atmosphere adopted by Davies & Plez (2021). The chromospheric temperature and density refer to the local temperature maximum at 1.4–1.5 R (model A, values in brackets are for model variant B). (2) See Appendix G for the determination of R, L, and d. θK is the angular K-band size (Lacour 2010). The sightline velocity is obtained from spectral profile matching of the [OI]λ63 line (cf. υLSR = 32.7km s−1, Montargès et al. 2021). (3) Mass of Helium burning core, inferred from the core mass – luminosity relation (SNAPSHOT models, Farrell et al. 2020b). (4) Present and main-sequence stellar mass from matching evolutionary track models (Ekström et al. 2012, non-rotating variant). Cf. M*(total) = 10 M from luminosity-surface gravity relation (Messineo et al. 2021). (5) Distance from star where atomic hydrogen fraction becomes negligible. (6) Enclosed circumstellar total and HI gas mass. Values in brackets refer to model B (cf. MHI = 0.018 M from Gérard et al. 2025, but scaled to our 421 pc distance). (7) The mass loss rate is not constant; this value refers to the outer model boundary and includes the cool gas dilution. See text for details. (8) Circumstellar-envelope and interstellar contributions (Shenoy et al. 2016, matching their τλ37,1 µm, and Levesque et al. 2005, respectively).

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