X-ray view of a massive node of the cosmic web at z ∼ 3 - II. Discovery of extended X-ray emission around a hyperluminous quasar

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Volume 711 (July 2026)

A&A, 711 (2026) A242

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Table 1.

Best-fit and derived hot halo parameters.

Parameter	Units	Value
kT	[keV]	$1 . 81_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.38}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.81_{-0.37}^{+0.38} $$
norm	[10⁻⁴ cm⁻⁵]	$2 . 13_{- 0.82}^{+ 1.75}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.13_{-0.82}^{+1.75} $$
Z^†	[Z_⊙]	$0 . 014_{- 0.012}^{+ 0.083}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.014_{-0.012}^{+0.083} $$
β		$2 . 04_{- 0.75}^{+ 1.35}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.04_{-0.75}^{+1.35} $$
r_core	[kpc]	$36_{- 13}^{+ 16}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 36_{-13}^{+16} $$
norm_pow	[10⁻⁵]	$2 . 07_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.15}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.07_{-0.18}^{+0.15} $$
Γ		$2 . 09_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.09_{-0.07}^{+0.06} $$
T	[10⁷ K]	$2 . 1_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.4}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.1_{-0.4}^{+0.4} $$

n_e, 0	[cm⁻³]	$0 . 86_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.48}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.86_{-0.19}^{+0.48} $$
M_{hot gas}(<38 kpc)	[10¹² M_⊙]	$1 . 4_{- 1.0}^{+ 1.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.4_{-1.0}^{+1.7} $$
M_vir	[10¹³ M_⊙]	3 ± 1
R_vir	[kpc]	$190_{- 20}^{+ 19}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 190_{-20}^{+19} $$
M_{hot gas}(R_vir)	[10¹² M_⊙]	$2 . 6_{- 0.6}^{+ 1.7}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.6_{-0.6}^{+1.7} $$
M_hot/M_vir		$0 . 083_{- 0.030}^{+ 0.098}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.083_{-0.030}^{+0.098} $$
f_hot		$0 . 56_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.65}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.56 _{-0.20}^{+0.65} $$

Notes. Values correspond to the median and the 16th and 84th percentiles of the posterior distributions from the MCMC analysis. The upper block lists parameters directly constrained by the X-ray data, while the lower block reports derived quantities. These derived quantities depend on assumptions that the observed emission traces a virialized halo extending to R_vir, that the gas temperature equals the virial temperature (T = T_vir), and that the β model profile can be extrapolated to the virial radius. ^†Metallicity was treated as a marginalization parameter and is not directly constrained by the data.

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