Open Access
Table E.2.
Comparison of photo-z prediction performance for different approaches. Results are reported for different percentages of labelled data used for training (1%, 5%, 10%, 50%, 80%, and 100%).
| Model | Data | Percentage | Bias | NMAD | Outlier fraction (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 1 | −0.046 ± 0.084 | 0.140 ± 0.012 | 40.3 ± 13.6 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 5 | 0.003 ± 0.030 | 0.159 ± 0.008 | 34.9 ± 2.2 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 10 | −0.002 ± 0.036 | 0.150 ± 0.008 | 34.6 ± 2.4 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 20 | 0.019 ± 0.026 | 0.142 ± 0.009 | 32.3 ± 1.6 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 50 | 0.003 ± 0.009 | 0.124 ± 0.004 | 27.1 ± 1.2 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 80 | 0.021 ± 0.018 | 0.135 ± 0.024 | 30.9 ± 8.0 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS | 100 | 0.026 ± 0.004 | 0.118 ± 0.002 | 25.1 ± 0.7 |
| MLP model | VIS | 1 | −0.000 ± 0.044 | 0.120 ± 0.025 | 23.9 ± 9.0 |
| MLP model | VIS | 5 | −0.009 ± 0.036 | 0.111 ± 0.013 | 20.9 ± 4.1 |
| MLP model | VIS | 10 | −0.012 ± 0.036 | 0.104 ± 0.010 | 19.9 ± 3.1 |
| MLP model | VIS | 20 | −0.002 ± 0.022 | 0.099 ± 0.006 | 16.5 ± 2.2 |
| MLP model | VIS | 50 | −0.000 ± 0.024 | 0.092 ± 0.005 | 14.0 ± 1.2 |
| MLP model | VIS | 80 | −0.000 ± 0.026 | 0.090 ± 0.006 | 13.3 ± 2.0 |
| MLP model | VIS | 100 | −0.002 ± 0.022 | 0.089 ± 0.004 | 12.7 ± 1.7 |
| Linear model | VIS | 1 | 0.015 ± 0.030 | 0.145 ± 0.023 | 32.5 ± 7.1 |
| Linear model | VIS | 5 | −0.002 ± 0.022 | 0.265 ± 0.027 | 57.2 ± 4.5 |
| Linear model | VIS | 10 | 0.013 ± 0.014 | 0.175 ± 0.011 | 39.1 ± 3.2 |
| Linear model | VIS | 20 | 0.011 ± 0.007 | 0.123 ± 0.006 | 23.5 ± 1.7 |
| Linear model | VIS | 50 | 0.011 ± 0.003 | 0.105 ± 0.003 | 17.1 ± 0.9 |
| Linear model | VIS | 80 | 0.011 ± 0.003 | 0.100 ± 0.002 | 15.5 ± 0.7 |
| Linear model | VIS | 100 | 0.011 ± 0.003 | 0.100 ± 0.002 | 15.1 ± 0.6 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS+NISP | 1 | −0.115 ± 0.104 | 0.130 ± 0.013 | 48.4 ± 19.3 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS+NISP | 5 | 0.001 ± 0.047 | 0.166 ± 0.017 | 39.0 ± 2.6 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS+NISP | 10 | 0.009 ± 0.024 | 0.148 ± 0.010 | 32.8 ± 2.6 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS+NISP | 50 | −0.009 ± 0.005 | 0.110 ± 0.004 | 22.4 ± 0.6 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS+NISP | 80 | 0.013 ± 0.012 | 0.100 ± 0.001 | 20.7 ± 0.9 |
| Supervised CNN | VIS+NISP | 100 | 0.009 ± 0.006 | 0.103 ± 0.003 | 19.9 ± 0.3 |
| MLP Model CNN | VIS+NISP | 1 | −0.022 ± 0.030 | 0.098 ± 0.024 | 14.7 ± 6.1 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 1 | −0.022 ± 0.030 | 0.098 ± 0.024 | 14.7 ± 6.1 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 5 | −0.013 ± 0.020 | 0.075 ± 0.008 | 8.8 ± 2.5 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 10 | −0.013 ± 0.019 | 0.070 ± 0.006 | 7.3 ± 1.7 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 20 | −0.005 ± 0.016 | 0.066 ± 0.005 | 5.6 ± 1.5 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 50 | −0.010 ± 0.013 | 0.060 ± 0.004 | 4.2 ± 0.7 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 80 | −0.015 ± 0.012 | 0.058 ± 0.004 | 3.8 ± 0.6 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP | 100 | −0.014 ± 0.012 | 0.057 ± 0.004 | 3.6 ± 0.5 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 1 | 0.008 ± 0.031 | 0.119 ± 0.032 | 22.6 ± 8.9 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 5 | 0.009 ± 0.022 | 0.200 ± 0.030 | 45.4 ± 6.8 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 10 | 0.005 ± 0.008 | 0.125 ± 0.013 | 24.2 ± 3.7 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 20 | 0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.085 ± 0.006 | 10.2 ± 1.5 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 50 | 0.005 ± 0.002 | 0.067 ± 0.002 | 5.6 ± 0.6 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 80 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.064 ± 0.002 | 5.1 ± 0.4 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP | 100 | 0.006 ± 0.002 | 0.063 ± 0.001 | 4.8 ± 0.4 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 1 | −0.023 ± 0.029 | 0.071 ± 0.016 | 7.5 ± 6.7 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 5 | −0.018 ± 0.017 | 0.062 ± 0.007 | 5.4 ± 2.1 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 10 | −0.012 ± 0.015 | 0.057 ± 0.005 | 4.0 ± 1.5 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 20 | −0.008 ± 0.014 | 0.054 ± 0.004 | 3.1 ± 1.0 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 50 | −0.014 ± 0.014 | 0.050 ± 0.003 | 2.7 ± 0.9 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 80 | −0.008 ± 0.013 | 0.049 ± 0.003 | 2.3 ± 0.4 |
| MLP model | VIS+NISP+SED | 100 | −0.009 ± 0.012 | 0.048 ± 0.002 | 2.1 ± 0.4 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 1 | 0.002 ± 0.025 | 0.088 ± 0.026 | 12.8 ± 6.5 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 5 | 0.007 ± 0.017 | 0.171 ± 0.031 | 37.5 ± 8.5 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 10 | 0.003 ± 0.006 | 0.107 ± 0.013 | 17.2 ± 4.2 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 20 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 0.071 ± 0.005 | 6.3 ± 1.3 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 50 | 0.004 ± 0.002 | 0.056 ± 0.002 | 3.3 ± 0.5 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 80 | 0.004 ± 0.002 | 0.053 ± 0.001 | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
| Linear model | VIS+NISP+SED | 100 | 0.004 ± 0.001 | 0.052 ± 0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.3 |
| Euclid photo-z | 100 | -0.027 | 0.037 | 2.21 | |
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