Minimum characteristic jet opening angle, θ^*, required to keep the median jet fraction physical (median f_j ≤ 1) as a function of the local BNS merger rate R_BNS(0) for the universal top-hat (top left), non-universal flat (top right), and non-universal log-normal (bottom left). Each symbol denotes a different population. The horizontal dashed line and shaded region indicate the median and 90% credible interval of the aperture angle distribution derived from Rouco Escorial et al. (2023). Bottom right panel: Fraction of the population with wide jets (θ_c > 15°) for the log-normal model. The vertical grey band represents the GWTC-4 90% C.I. for the BNS merger rate. The plots do not display all 64 analysed populations, as some require θ^* larger than the prior upper limit of 25°. See Table H.1 for a comprehensive list of all the populations.