Average delay time ⟨τ_d⟩ evolution with redshift for physical population (median f_j ≤ 1) assuming the universal structured jet compared to the median and 90% credible intervals inferred in Pracchia & Salafia (2026). Plots with erratic spikes have a very small number of mergers. See Table D.1 for a description of each model variation (top right of each plot). See Fig. I.2 for non physical populations. For consistency with Fig. I.2 we keep the panel for α_CE = 0.5 even though no physical models exist for that value in the universal structured jet case.