XRISM/Resolve probes a possible “raining” absorber in Mrk 509

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Volume 710 (June 2026)

A&A, 710 (2026) A408

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Table 2.

Best-fits of the XMM-Newton EPIC-pn plus NuSTAR data.


Model	Γ	N_H	C_f	E_FeKα	R	σ	EW	C/d.o.f.	C_pn, 2	C_pn, 3	C_FPMA/B, 1	C_FPMA/B, 2

		(10²² cm⁻²)		(keV)		(eV)	(eV)


PC1	1.65 ± 0.02	12.5 ± 1.7	0.23 ± 0.02	6.39 ± 0.03	–	102 ± 40	68 ± 3	2555/2422	1.03 ± 0.01	1.11 ± 0.02	1.24 ± 0.02	1.27 ± 0.02

PC2	1.76 ± 0.02	12.1 ± 1.2	0.31 ± 0.03	–	0.38 ± 0.04	–	–	2529/2424	1.03 ± 0.01	1.11 ± 0.01	1.24 ± 0.02	1.27 ± 0.02



Model	N_H	C_f	Γ	r_in	log ξ	R	a	C/d.o.f.	C_pn, 2	C_pn, 3	C_FPMA/B, 1	C_FPMA/B, 2

	(10²² cm⁻²)			(ISCO)



RR1	–	–	1.47 $_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.01}_{-0.01} $$	1*	4.28 $_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.05}_{-0.09} $$	0.74 $_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.48}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.48}_{-0.21} $$	> 0.85	2683/2422	1.03 ± 0.01	1.11 ± 0.01	1.24 ± 0.02	1.27 ± 0.02

RR2	10.35 ± 2.10	0.20 $_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.04}_{-0.02} $$	1.59 $_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.08}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.08}_{-0.04} $$	1*	3.56 $_{- 0.68}^{+ 0.20}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.20}_{-0.68} $$	0.41 $_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.39}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.39}_{-0.24} $$	0.99^u	2519/2420	1.03 ± 0.01	1.11 ± 0.01	1.24 ± 0.02	1.27 ± 0.02

Notes. Upper table: Col. I: Model name; Col. II: Photon index of the primary emission; Col. III: Column density of the partial absorber; Col. IV: Covering factor; Col. V: Energy of the emission line; Col. VI: direct-to-reflected continuum ratio; Col. VII: Width of the emission line; Col. VIII: Equivalent width of the emission line; Col. IX: Cash statistics over degrees of freedom. Lower table: Col. I: Model name; Col. II: Column density of the partial absorber; Col. III: Covering factor; Col. IV: Photon index of the primary emission; Col. V: Inner radius of the accretion disk; Col. VI: Ionization of the accretion disk; Col. VII: Reflection fraction parameter; Col. VIII: Spin of the BH; Col. IX: Cash statistics over degrees of freedom. Cols. X-XIII: Cross-normalization constants between XMM-Newton EPIC-pn and NuSTAR. Reported errors are at the 90% confidence level. In models RR1-RR2, the line energy and σ are fixed at 6.4 keV and 20 eV, respectively. Model PC1: constant × TBabs × zpcfabs(cutoffpl + line); Model PC2: TBabs(cutoffpl + pexmon + (1 + constant) × zTBabs(cutoffpl)); Model RR1: constant × TBabs(zgauss + relxill), with Rbr = 15, AFe = 1; Model RR2: constant × TBabs × zpcfabs(relxill + zgauss).

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