Fig. 5

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Atmospheric structure of HD 19467 B and 2M 0415 from the free retrievals. Left: temperature profiles. The pressure and temperature range of the photosphere (emission contribution function >1%) is indicated by the error bars. Middle: emission contribution function. The dark regions indicate a high contribution. Right: Volume-mixing ratios. The arrows indicate the upper limits for the abundances of non-detected species. Sonora elf owl models (Mukherjee et al. 2024; Wogan et al. 2025) are overlaid for the temperature and volume-mixing ratios assuming a common metallicity of [M/H] = 0.2, a default C/O=0.458, and moderate vertical mixing, log Kzz = 3, which yields photospheric abundances broadly consistent with the retrievals. For HD 19467 B, we used Teff = 1000 K and log g = 5.5, and for 2M 0415, we used Teff = 700 K and log g = 5.0.
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