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Table 2
Performance comparison of different methods on various drop bands.
| Model | Drop 1 band | Drop 2 bands | Drop 3 bands | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fout (%)/σNMAD/bais | mae/rmse/mre | fout (%)/σNMAD/bais | mae/rmse/mre | fout (%)/σNMAD/bais | mae/rmse/mre | |
| Test (nonimputed) | 3.79/0.061/0.0022 | ... | 11.33/0.086/-0.0112 | ... | 26.34/0.131/-0.0375 | ... |
| KNN | 1.41/0.049/0.0100 | 0.028/0.062/0.036 | 1.73/0.051/0.0099 | 0.033/0.073/0.041 | 2.48/0.053/0.0095 | 0.040/0.088/0.050 |
| RF | 1.45/0.049/0.0100 | 0.027/0.060/0.034 | 7.38/0.059/0.0050 | 0.124/0.291/0.158 | 19.22/0.080/0.0038 | 0.236/0.443/0.299 |
| CatBoost | 1.73/0.051/0.0094 | 0.048/0.099/0.061 | 18.17/0.077/0.0148 | 0.258/0.383/0.329 | 34.63/0.129/0.0289 | 0.364/0.527/0.463 |
| US-GAN | 4.09/0.055/0.0087 | 0.182/0.252/0.231 | 18.88/0.080/0.0308 | 0.325/0.420/0.410 | 21.02/0.094/0.0062 | 0.277/0.397/0.351 |
| GP-VAE | 7.97/0.064/0.0152 | 0.231/0.304/0.293 | 22.78/0.093/0.0243 | 0.309/0.393/0.391 | 32.26/0.123/0.0032 | 0.390/0.517/0.494 |
| M-RNN | 32.79/0.107/0.0285 | 0.785/1.013/0.995 | 44.93/0.175/0.0411 | 0.787/1.004/0.995 | 51.22/0.215/0.0543 | 0.785/1.005/0.994 |
| BRITS | 4.04/0.054/0.0087 | 0.163/0.289/0.207 | 8.94/0.065/0.0147 | 0.210/0.344/0.256 | 20.02/0.094/0.0229 | 0.257/0.373/0.326 |
| Transformer | 1.94/0.052/0.0104 | 0.071/0.119/0.090 | 2.58/0.053/0.0093 | 0.058/0.114/0.074 | 5.72/0.063/0.0069 | 0.091/0.151/0.115 |
| iTransformer | 1.67/0.052/0.0095 | 0.051/0.103/0.064 | 2.40/0.054/0.0100 | 0.053/0.109/0.067 | 4.37/0.060/0.0074 | 0.075/0.139/0.095 |
| SAITS | 1.41/0.048/0.0100 | 0.024/0.055/0.030 | 2.10/0.052/0.0106 | 0.043/0.087/0.054 | 3.27/0.056/0.0080 | 0.051/0.107/0.065 |
Notes. The fout, σNMAD, and bias values for the complete test sample are 1.33%, 0.048, and 0.0104, respectively. These quantities represent the standard photo-z evaluation metrics. The lower, the better.
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