Evidence of dynamical dark energy found via the DESI DR2 Lymanα forest

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Table A.2.

Numerical values of cosmological parameters at 68% confidence level for different dataset combinations.

Parameter	Dataset	Logarithmic	Exponential	JBP	BA	GEDE
	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	0.02221 ± 0.00013	0.02221 ± 0.00012	0.02227 ± 0.00013	0.02221 ± 0.00012	0.02228 ± 0.00013
Ω_bh²	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	0.02220 ± 0.00013	0.02220 ± 0.00013	0.02219 ± 0.00013	0.02220 ± 0.00013	0.02219 ± 0.00013
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	0.02221 ± 0.00013	0.02221 ± 0.00013	0.02219 ± 0.00013	0.02220 ± 0.00013	0.02219 ± 0.00013
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	0.02220 ± 0.00013	0.02221 ± 0.00013	0.02219 ± 0.00013	0.02220 ± 0.00013	0.02218 ± 0.00013

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	0.11941 ± 0.00085	0.11942 ± 0.00084	0.11850 ± 0.00078	0.11940 ± 0.00083	0.11836 ± 0.00083
Ω_ch²	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	0.1195 ± 0.0010	0.1196 ± 0.0010	0.1197 ± 0.0010	0.1196 ± 0.0010	0.11978 ± 0.00099
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	0.1195 ± 0.0010	0.11948 ± 0.00099	0.1197 ± 0.0010	0.1195 ± 0.0010	0.1197 ± 0.0010
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	0.1195 ± 0.0010	0.1195 ± 0.0010	0.1197 ± 0.0011	0.1195 ± 0.0010	0.1198 ± 0.0010

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	1.04080 ± 0.00024	1.04080 ± 0.00023	1.04092 ± 0.00023	1.04081 ± 0.00024	1.04093 ± 0.00024
100 θ_MC	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	1.04079 ± 0.00025	1.04079 ± 0.00025	1.04077 ± 0.00026	1.04079 ± 0.00025	1.04076 ± 0.00026
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	1.04079 ± 0.00025	1.04080 ± 0.00025	1.04077 ± 0.00024	1.04078 ± 0.00025	1.04077 ± 0.00025
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	1.04080 ± 0.00026	1.04080 ± 0.00025	1.04077 ± 0.00025	1.04079 ± 0.00025	1.04076 ± 0.00025

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	0.0507 ± 0.0071	0.0509 ± 0.0070	0.0557 ± 0.0069	0.0508 ± 0.0073	0.0560 ± 0.0071
τ	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	0.0515 ± 0.0074	0.0514 ± 0.0073	0.0522 ± 0.0073	0.0518 ± 0.0073	0.0526 ± 0.0071
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	0.0513 ± 0.0072	0.0511 ± 0.0071	0.0516 ± 0.0071	0.0514 ± 0.0073	0.0527 ± 0.0072
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	0.0509 ± 0.0073	0.0511 ± 0.0071	0.0518 ± 0.0073	0.0509 ± 0.0070	0.0528 ± 0.0069

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	3.033 ± 0.014	3.033 ± 0.014	3.042 ± 0.014	3.033 ± 0.014	3.042 ± 0.014
ln(10¹⁰A_s)	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	3.035 ± 0.014	3.035 ± 0.014	3.037 ± 0.014	3.036 ± 0.014	3.038 ± 0.014
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	3.034 ± 0.014	3.034 ± 0.014	3.035 ± 0.014	3.035 ± 0.014	3.038 ± 0.014
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	3.033 ± 0.014	3.034 ± 0.014	3.036 ± 0.014	3.033 ± 0.014	3.039 ± 0.014

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	0.9646 ± 0.0038	0.9644 ± 0.0037	0.9665 ± 0.0036	0.9644 ± 0.0035	0.9669 ± 0.0036
n_s	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	$0 . 9641_{- 0.0038}^{+ 0.0044}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.9641_{-0.0038}^{+0.0044} $$	$0 . 9640_{- 0.0037}^{+ 0.0041}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.9640_{-0.0037}^{+0.0041} $$	0.9636 ± 0.0040	0.9641 ± 0.0038	0.9634 ± 0.0039
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	0.9644 ± 0.0040	0.9640 ± 0.0039	0.9637 ± 0.0040	0.9643 ± 0.0039	0.9638 ± 0.0039
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	0.9643 ± 0.0039	0.9644 ± 0.0039	0.9636 ± 0.0040	0.9642 ± 0.0039	0.9633 ± 0.0039

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	64.6 ± 1.8	64.3 ± 1.9	$66 . 35_{- 1.9}^{+ 0.99}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 66.35_{-1.9}^{+0.99} $$	63.8 ± 1.8	69.39 ± 0.91
H₀	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	67.5 ± 1.0	67.4 ± 1.1	67.00 ± 0.95	67.3 ± 1.1	66.60 ± 0.79
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	67.62 ± 0.91	67.62 ± 0.93	67.17 ± 0.78	67.56 ± 0.91	66.55 ± 0.70
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	66.4 ± 1.3	66.5 ± 1.3	65.8 ± 1.2	66.5 ± 1.2	65.5 ± 1.2

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	$0 . 341_{- 0.021}^{+ 0.018}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.341^{+0.018}_{-0.021} $$	$0 . 345_{- 0.023}^{+ 0.019}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.345^{+0.019}_{-0.023} $$	$0 . 322_{- 0.010}^{+ 0.018}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.322_{-0.010}^{+0.018} $$	$0 . 351_{- 0.022}^{+ 0.019}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.351^{+0.019}_{-0.022} $$	0.2935 ± 0.0072
Ω_m0	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	0.313 ± 0.010	0.314 ± 0.011	0.3177 ± 0.0098	0.314 ± 0.011	0.3217 ± 0.0084
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	0.3115 ± 0.0092	0.3114 ± 0.0093	0.3160 ± 0.0081	$0 . 3121_{- 0.0097}^{+ 0.0086}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.3121^{+0.0086}_{-0.0097} $$	0.3219 ± 0.0075
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	0.323 ± 0.013	$0 . 323_{- 0.014}^{+ 0.012}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.323^{+0.012}_{-0.014} $$	0.329 ± 0.013	$0 . 322_{- 0.013}^{+ 0.012}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.322^{+0.012}_{-0.013} $$	0.333 ± 0.013

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	$- 0 . 58_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.18}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.58_{-0.20}^{+0.18} $$	$- 0 . 54_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.17}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.54_{-0.21}^{+0.17} $$	$- 0 . 640_{- 0.078}^{+ 0.23}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.640_{-0.078}^{+0.23} $$	$- 0 . 51_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.17}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.51_{-0.19}^{+0.17} $$	—
w or w₀	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	$- 0 . 879_{- 0.074}^{+ 0.061}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.879_{-0.074}^{+0.061} $$	−0.898 ± 0.076	−0.90 ± 0.11	−0.907 ± 0.073	—
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	$- 0 . 847_{- 0.089}^{+ 0.074}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.847_{-0.089}^{+0.074} $$	−0.839 ± 0.086	$- 0 . 77_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.77_{-0.10}^{+0.13} $$	−0.861 ± 0.081	—
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	$- 0 . 75_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.75_{-0.12}^{+0.10} $$	$- 0 . 75_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.75_{-0.12}^{+0.10} $$	$- 0 . 68_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.16}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.68_{-0.10}^{+0.16} $$	−0.76 ± 0.11	—

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	$- 0 . 98_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.45}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.98_{-0.32}^{+0.45} $$	$- 1 . 13_{- 0.58}^{+ 0.51}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -1.13_{-0.58}^{+0.51} $$	< − 1.71	$- 0 . 81_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.31}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.81_{-0.25}^{+0.31} $$	—
w_a	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	$- 0 . 33_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.31}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.33_{-0.19}^{+0.31} $$	$- 0 . 34_{- 0.26}^{+ 0.33}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.34_{-0.26}^{+0.33} $$	−0.60 ± 0.78	$- 0 . 21_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.22}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.21_{-0.19}^{+0.22} $$	—
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	$- 0 . 50_{- 0.26}^{+ 0.35}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.50_{-0.26}^{+0.35} $$	$- 0 . 55_{- 0.31}^{+ 0.37}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.55_{-0.31}^{+0.37} $$	$- 1 . 45_{- 0.90}^{+ 0.69}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -1.45_{-0.90}^{+0.69} $$	$- 0 . 33_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.24}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.33_{-0.20}^{+0.24} $$	—
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	$- 0 . 66_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.46}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.66_{-0.30}^{+0.46} $$	$- 0 . 72_{- 0.34}^{+ 0.47}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.72_{-0.34}^{+0.47} $$	< − 1.34	$- 0 . 48_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.31}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.48_{-0.23}^{+0.31} $$	—

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	—	—	—	—	0.36 ± 0.26
Δ	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	—	—	—	—	−0.14 ± 0.19
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	—	—	—	—	−0.16 ± 0.17
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	—	—	—	—	−0.40 ± 0.27

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	-9.63	-9.98	-6.67	-10.74	-2.95
$Δ χ_{MAP}^{2}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \Delta{\chi^{2}_{\text{MAP}}} $$	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	-1.45	-1.29	-1.76	-0.83	-1.18
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	-0.94	-1.71	-2.97	-0.99	0.15
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	-4.02	-4.98	-4.58	-5.22	-1.34

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	2.65	2.71	2.10	2.83	1.72
Nσ	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	0.70	0.64	0.82	0.44	1.09
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	0.49	0.80	1.21	0.51	0.00
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	1.50	1.73	1.64	1.79	1.16

	Lyα + CMB + Galaxy BAO	0.59	0.17	1.87	0.58	1.77
\|lnB_i, j\|	Lyα + CMB + Pantheon⁺	4.58	4.90	4.19	4.62	2.93
	Lyα + CMB + DES-Dovekie	3.40	3.91	2.38	3.76	2.66
	Lyα + CMB + Union3	1.99	2.09	1.50	2.24	2.05

Notes. Constraints are given at 68% (1σ) confidence level for the Logarithmic, Exponential, JBP, BA, and GEDE using different combinations of DESI DR2 BAO datasets with the CMB and SNe Ia (Pantheon⁺, DES-Dovekie, and Union3) samples.

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