Cloudy solutions for the clear skies of WASP-80b: 3D cloud feedback on the atmosphere and spectra of a warm Jupiter

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Volume 707 (March 2026)

A&A, 707 (2026) A394

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Table 3

$χ_{red}^{2}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[\chi_{\text {red}}^{2}\]$$ values for transmission and emission spectra across cloud species and particle sizes.

	Na₂S		KCl		MgSiO₃

	Transmission	Emission	Transmission	Emission	Transmission	Emission
0.1	2.22	12.52	2.52	13.90	2.86	29.53
1	2.25	22.87	2.06	2.12	2.45	20.03
5	2.43	8.72	2.61	2.13	2.87	1.90
10	2.83	1.87	2.81	2.14	2.81	2.55

	Cloudless with low T_int				Cloudless with high T_int

	2.75	1.97			2.90	2.73

Notes. The reduced chi-square values ( $χ_{red}^{2}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[\chi_{\text {red}}^{2}\]$$ ) quantify the agreement between each model and the JWST transmission and emission spectra. Models rejected based on $χ_{red}^{2}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[\chi_{\text {red}}^{2}\]$$ are shown in red, models rejected by our feature-based comparison (see Section 4.4 for details) are shown in orange, and the models that can predict the observations well are in green.

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