Fig. 3.

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Time evolution of selected dimming parameters for the X1.1 flare on 2024 May 9 (no. 29). From top to bottom: (a) GOES 1.0 − 8.0 Å SXR flux (black) and its time derivative (purple); (b) expansion of the dimming area A(t) (black) and the area growth rate, (purple), with the horizontal green dashed line marking when
falls below 15% of its maximum value which defines the end of the impulsive phase of the dimming; (c) brightness drop Idrop(t) (black) and its change rate,
(purple) in base-difference units; (d) positive (blue), negative (red) and total unsigned magnetic flux (black) covered by the dimming regions; (e) corresponding magnetic flux rates,
(blue),
(red), and
(black). Vertical dashed, dotted, and solid black lines indicate the start, peak, and end of the flare, respectively. The vertical solid and dashed green lines indicate the peak of
and the end of the impulsive phase of the dimming, respectively.
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