Left: distribution in the (H, e) plane of known asteroids near Venus (blue full circles) and its co-orbital asteroids (red stars). The horizontal dashed line shows the limit for which the apocenter of Venus’ co-orbitals (Q_A) can be equal to the Earth’s pericenter (q_⊕). Right: distribution of 14382 simulated NEAs obtained from the NEOMOD3 model (black dots). The other symbols have the same meaning as in the left panel.