Left-hand panels: Stellar surface density profile for three MW-like galaxies in the sample at z = 0. Right-hand panels: face-on projected stellar light images of the corresponding galaxies. The colours are based on the i-, g-, and u- band luminosities of stars. As is indicated in the right-hand panels, every row refers to a simulation suite. From top to bottom: AURIGA, HESTIA, and NIHAO with the corresponding stellar masses of 1.07 × 10¹⁰ M_⊙, 1.56 × 10¹⁰ M_⊙, and 2.15 × 10¹⁰ M_⊙. Solid green and dash-dotted orange lines indicate the stellar half-mass and R₁ radius, respectively. In the right-hand panels, a dashed green line is also incorporated to show the position of twice the stellar half-mass radius.