2D histogram distribution of the normalized fiducial model at fixed azimuth φ = 0° (left column), at fixed radius R = R₀ (right column) and at fixed V_R for each row (V_R = 56 km s⁻¹, V_R = 0 km s⁻¹ and V_R = −56 km s⁻¹). The white (and green) lines display the main ridges identified in Gaia DR3 data with the wavelet transform method developed in Bernet et al. (2022, 2024). A thicker green line denotes the Hercules ridge.