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Table 1.

Measurements of ℜ in nearby environments and simulations.

System [i] ℜ [kpc] (Rvir) [ii] ℜ [kpc](Rvir)
Fornax cluster 380 8 + 16 ( 0.35 ) $ 380^{+16}_{-8}\,(0.35) $ 392 6 + 7 ( 0.36 ) $ 392^{+7}_{-6}\,(0.36) $

Virgo cluster (A) 612 55 + 127 ( 0.39 ) $ 612^{+127}_{-55}\,(0.39) $ 612 22 + 21 ( 0.39 ) $ 612^{+21}_{-22}\,(0.39) $

Milky way 78 1 + 38 ( 0.36 ) $ 78^{+38}_{-1}\,(0.36) $ 118 4 + 3 ( 0.54 ) $ 118^{+3}_{-4}\,(0.54) $

Andromeda (M31) 102 12 + 24 ( 0.49 ) $ 102^{+24}_{-12}\,(0.49) $ 95 7 + 14 ( 0.46 ) $ 95^{+14}_{-7}\,(0.46) $

Fornax-type (TNG50) (2D) 481 58 + 86 ( 0.45 ) $ 481^{+86}_{-58}\,(0.45) $ 462 9 + 7 ( 0.42 ) $ 462^{+7}_{-9}\,(0.42) $

Fornax-type (TNG50) (3D) 595 19 + 74 ( 0.54 ) $ 595^{+74}_{-19}\,(0.54) $ 542 18 + 35 ( 0.49 ) $ 542^{+35}_{-18}\,(0.49) $

Virgo-type (TNG100) (2D) 846 20 + 66 ( 0.41 ) $ 846^{+66}_{-20}\,(0.41) $ 889 19 + 19 ( 0.43 ) $ 889^{+19}_{-19}\,(0.43) $

Virgo-type (TNG100) (3D) 828 68 + 50 ( 0.40 ) $ 828^{+50}_{-68}\,(0.40) $ 914 11 + 11 ( 0.44 ) $ 914^{+11}_{-11}\,(0.44) $

Virgo-type (EAGLE) (2D) 747 74 + 96 ( 0.51 ) $ 747^{+96}_{-74}\,(0.51) $ 707 17 + 20 ( 0.50 ) $ 707^{+20}_{-17}\,(0.50) $

Virgo-type (EAGLE) (3D) 823 59 + 59 ( 0.58 ) $ 823^{+59}_{-59}\,(0.58) $ 745 14 + 16 ( 0.52 ) $ 745^{+16}_{-14}\,(0.52) $

Notes. The adopted virial radii for each system are: Fornax 1075 kpc (Schuberth et al. 2010), Virgo A 1550 kpc (McLaughlin 1999), M31 207 kpc (Tamm et al. 2012), MW 216 kpc (Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016; Shen et al. 2022), Fornax-type TNG50 cluster 1115 kpc, Virgo-type cluster TNG100 2079 kpc, and Virgo-type cluster EAGLE 1442 kpc.

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