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Fig. 5.

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Satellite galaxy mean stellar mass densities ( ρ ¯ 2 h $ \bar{\rho}^{\star}_{2h\star} $ as circles) of four observed systems: the Fornax galaxy cluster (top left panel), the Virgo cluster (top right panel), the MW (bottom left panel), and M31 (bottom right panel), with the satellite stellar masses indicated in colour. In all the panels, we show the tidal field for the host systems (|τ| in purple curves). In each panel we include the moving average profiles of the mean stellar mass densities using Eq. (17) with q = n sat $ q\!=\!\sqrt{n_{\mathrm{sat}}} $ (blue curves, with the blue areas casting one standard deviation). The measured transition radii ℜ are shown for each system (dash-dotted vertical lines), and the expected location of the splashback radii ∼1.4Rvir (vertical dotted lines). For MW and M31, due to the low number of satellites, we add thinner blue curves that show moving averages ρ ¯ 2 h $ \langle\bar{\rho}^{\star}_{2h\star}\rangle $ where each is calculated with number of neighbours between q = 0.5 n sat $ q\!=\!0.5 \sqrt{n_{\mathrm{sat}}} $ and 2 n sat $ 2\sqrt{n_{\mathrm{sat}}} $. This indicates that, independent of q, all the curves show a low value of ρ ¯ 2 h $ \langle\bar{\rho}^{\star}_{2h\star}\rangle $ at ℜ. In addition, for MW and M31 we show the central mean dynamical mass densities of each satellite measured within h⋆ (triangles) and the respective moving average profiles (brown curves, bottom panels). This can be compared with other studies in the literature on the ρ ¯ r $ \bar{\rho}-r $ relation for the MW satellites mentioned in Sect. 2, which show that using r instead of the pericentre also reveals an anti-correlation with distance ( ρ ¯ 1 / r $ \bar{\rho}\propto1/r $). Moreover, as predicted by the simulations, the central dynamical mass densities show a change in the moving average profile where ℜ is measured (see Fig. 2, middle panel). Histograms included in the top panels show the overall shape and peak of the distribution of ρ ¯ 2 h $ \bar{\rho}^{\star}_{2h\star} $ for the satellites of each cluster.

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