Retrieving day- and nightside atmospheric properties of the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109b - Detection of Fe and CO emission lines and evidence for inefficient heat transport

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Volume 698 (May 2025)

A&A, 698 (2025) A31

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Table 3

Results of atmospheric retrievals on TOI-2109b.

Parameter	Dayside retrieval	Nightside retrieval	Prior dayside	Prior nightside	Unit
T₁	$4601_{- 609}^{+ 1557}$ $4601_{ - 609}^{ + 1557}$	<8159	(2000, 9000)	(100, 9000)	K
T₂	$3173_{- 727}^{+ 300}$ $3173_{ - 727}^{ + 300}$	<2364	(1000, 7000)	(100, 7000)	K
log p₁	$- {4.92}_{- 1.89}^{+ 1.99}$ $- 4.92_{ - 1.89}^{ + 1.99}$	<−3.04	(−8, 0)	(−8, 0)	log bar
dp	>2.37	<5.86	(0, 8)	(0, 8)	log bar
log p₂ ^(a)	${0.35}_{- 1.48}^{+ 2.44}$ $0.35_{ - 1.48}^{ + 2.44}$	$- {3.51}_{- 1.86}^{+ 2.17}$ $- 3.51_{ - 1.86}^{ + 2.17}$	…	…	log bar
[M/H]	${0.36}_{- 1.17}^{+ 1.42}$ $0.36_{ - 1.17}^{ + 1.42}$	…	(−3, 3)	0	dex
C/O	>0.15	…	(0, 1.5)	0.55	…
υ_eq	${12.07}_{- 5.78}^{+ 5.75}$ $12.07_{ - 5.78}^{ + 5.75}$	…	(0, 30)	10	kms⁻¹
K_p	${262.95}_{- 5.72}^{+ 6.65}$ $262.95_{ - 5.72}^{ + 6.65}$	…	(190, 330)	260	kms⁻¹
υ_sys	$- {18.64}_{- 4.98}^{+ 5.86}$ $- 18.64_{ - 4.98}^{ + 5.86}$	…	(−90, 30)	−19	kms⁻¹

β CARMENES VIS	0.9082 ± 0.0002	…	(0, 3)	…	…
β CARMENES NIR	0.7403 ± 0.0003	…	(0, 3)	…	…
β CRIRES⁺	1.7016 ± 0.0007	1.4049 ± 0.0007	(0, 3)	(0, 3)	…

Notes. ^(a)This table also includes log p₂, which is not treated as a free parameter in the retrieval; log p₂ is calculated as the sum of the free parameters log p₁ and dp.

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